A construction of fully diverse unitary space-time codes

Fully diverse unitary space-time codes are useful in multiantenna communications, especially in multiantenna differential modulation. Recently, two constructions of parametric fully diverse unitary space-time codes for three antennas system have been introduced. We propose a new construction method based on the constructions. In the present paper, fully diverse codes for systems of odd prime number antennas are obtained from this construction. Space-time codes from present construction are found to have bet...     

黄颡鱼属SSR分子鉴定及其遗传多样性

利用13对SSR引物对黄颡鱼属进行遗传多样性和分类研究。结果显示,13对SSR引物中有10对为有效引物,获得93条多态性条带,每对引物扩增条带的数目范围为8~11,扩增片段大小在90~400bp之间,SSR获得的多态性条带所构成各物种的特异性谱系能够用于黄颡鱼属的区分。聚类结果显示,5种黄颡鱼之间的遗传相似系数范围为0.670~1.000,瓦氏黄颡鱼、长须黄颡鱼和中间黄颡鱼亲缘关系较近,之后与光泽黄颡鱼聚为一支,普通黄颡鱼与其它物种差异最大。黄颡鱼属遗传多样性分析结果显示5种黄颡鱼遗传多样性处于水平较高,这将有助于后续深入对黄颡鱼属各物种亲缘关系和系统演化进行分析和理论研究。     

浙江省不同演替阶段的低海拔次生林植物功能群结构的比较研究

选取浙江省低海拔地区的16个次生林样地并调查其中胸径（DBH）≥1 cm的木本植物.通过观察群落外貌,结合数量分类方法（TWINSPAN）和排序方法（DCA）,将这些样地划分为4种演替阶段的森林类型（马尾松林,马尾松针阔叶混交林,演替早期常绿阔叶林,演替中期常绿阔叶林）.分析了不同演替阶段的次生林群落物种多样性和植物功能群结构组成变化.结果显示：（1） 适度择伐进入采伐期的马尾松可加速整个群落向常绿阔叶林演替;（2） 随着演替的进行,物种丰富度、Shannon Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均呈现增加趋势;（3） 按生活型、生长型、叶的生活期和对光的耐受性这4种功能群划分,所有样地分别以小高位芽植物和中高位芽植物、乔木和灌木或小乔木、常绿植物和耐阴植物占优;（4） 随着演替的进行,功能群结构比例呈现先降后升再降的是矮高位芽植物,先降后升的为小高位芽植物,呈现先升后降的为大高位芽植物、灌木、乔木、小乔木、常绿植物、阴性植物呈现上升趋势,落叶植物和阳性植物呈现下降趋势,而中高位芽植物、灌木或小乔木、耐阴植物则维持相对恒定的比例.     

Lead-oriented synthesis: a new opportunity for synthetic chemistry

The pharmaceutical industry remains solely reliant on synthetic chemistry methodology to prepare compounds for small-molecule drug discovery programmes. The importance of the physicochemical properties of these molecules in determining their success in drug development is now well understood but we present here data suggesting that much synthetic methodology is unintentionally predisposed to producing molecules with poorer drug-like properties. This bias may have ramifications to the early hit- and lead-finding phases of the drug discovery process when larger numbers of compounds from array techniques are prepared. To address this issue we describe for the first time the concept of lead-oriented synthesis and the opportunity for its adoption to increase the range and quality of molecules used to develop new medicines.     

The “S” curve relationship between export diversity and economic size of countries

The highly detailed international trade data among all countries in the world during 1971-2000 shows that the kinds of export goods and the logarithmic GDP (gross domestic production) of a country have an S-shaped relationship. This indicates that all countries can be divided into three stages accordingly. First, the small economies always export very few kinds of products as we expect. Second, once the economic size magnitude (log(GDP)) of a country is beyond a threshold, its export diversity may increase dramatically. However, this is not the case for large economies because a ceiling on the export diversity is observed when their logarithmic GDPs are higher than another threshold. This pattern is very stable for different years although the concrete parameters of the fitting sigmoid functions may change with time. In addition, we also discussed other relationships such as import diversity with respect to logarithmic GDP, diversity of exporters with respect to the number of export goods etc.; all of these relationships show S-shaped or power law patterns which can be derived by the “S” curve relations. Although this paper does not explain the origin of the S-shaped curve, it may provide a basic empirical fact and insights for economic diversity.     

Heterogeneity in initial resource configurations improves a network-based hybrid recommendation algorithm

Network-based recommendation algorithms for user–object link predictions have achieved significant developments in recent years. For bipartite graphs, the resource reallocation in such algorithms is analogous to heat spreading (HeatS) or probability spreading (ProbS) processes. The best algorithm to date is a hybrid of the HeatS and ProbS techniques with homogeneous initial resource configurations, which fulfills simultaneously high accuracy and large diversity requirements. We investigate the effect of heterogeneity in initial configurations on the HeatS + ProbS hybrid algorithm and find that both recommendation accuracy and diversity can be further improved in this new setting. Numerical experiments show that the improvement is robust.     

基于相位差混合处理方法的高分辨力成像技术

为了提高成像系统的分辨能力, 并尽量减小系统的复杂度, 本文将相位差波前探测技术和相位差图像恢复技术结合起来构成相位差混合处理方法, 给出了点目标和扩展目标情况下混合处理方法的数值仿真结果, 并针对点目标情况进行了实验验证. 实验表明, 在像差较大的情况下, 直接用事后处理方法无法得到满意的结果. 在三种湍流强度下, 经混合方法处理后得到光斑的半高宽分别由自适应光学系统校正后的5.1, 5.1和5.0个像素减小到3.3, 3.2和3.0个像素. 可以看出, 利用相位差混合处理方法得到的图像明显优于单独的事后图像处理方法和自适应光学校正, 相位差混合处理方法在高分辨力成像领域有着巨大的应用潜力.     

相位差波前检测方法应用于平移误差检测的实验研究

相位差波前检测方法由于其结构简单,对环境要求低,测量精度较高等优点,被应用于诸多领域.本文针对拼接型天文望远镜中主镜的共相位检测问题,对相位差波前检测方法在拼接主镜各子镜间平移误差测量进行理论分析,并搭建了实验光路.实验结果表明:相位差波前检测方法对拼接镜平移误差的测量精度高于λ/20(λ为波长),满足系统对拼接平移误差的要求.     

Word diversity can accelerate consensus in naming game

In this paper, we introduce word diversity that reflects the inhomogeneity of words in a communication into the naming game. Diversity is realized by assigning a weight factor to each word. The weight is determined by three different distributions (uniform, exponential, and power-law distributions). During the communication, the probability that a word is selected from speaker's memory depends on the introduced word diversity. Interestingly, we find that the word diversity following three different distributions can remarkably promote the final convergency, which is of high importance in the self-organized system. In particular, for all the ranges of amplitude of distribution, the power-law distribution enables the fastest consensus, while uniform distribution gives the slowest consensus. We provide an explanation of this effect based on both the number of different names and the number of total names, and find that a wide spread of names induced by the segregation of words is the main promotion factor. Other quantities, including the evolution of the averaging success rate of negotiation and the scaling behavior of consensus time, are also studied. These results are helpful for better understanding the dynamics of the naming game with word diversity.     

濒危植物长叶榧群体不同年龄级遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

按胸径将浙江省桐庐县白云源森林公园长叶榧群体划分为成体、小树、幼苗3个年龄级,利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记对不同年龄级的遗传多样性及遗传分化进行分析.12个RAPD引物和12个ISSR引物分别扩增出199和180个条带,总多态位点百分率分别为44.72%和56.11%.RAPD和ISSR分析均显示3个年龄级的多态位点百分率、Shannon信息指数、Nei指数以成体最高,小树次之,幼苗最低,表明长叶榧群体遗传变异呈衰退趋势.分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明长叶榧群体不同年龄级内、年龄级间均存在遗传变异,但遗传变异主要存在于年龄级内.RAPD和ISSR分析显示,长叶榧群体不同年龄级间的遗传分化系数(Gst)分别为0.2869、0.3077,基因流(Nm)分别为1.2412、1.1231.长叶榧群体不同年龄级间的遗传相似度以幼苗与小树最高,遗传距离以幼苗与小树间最小.在长叶榧群体不同年龄级中,ISSR能检测到比RAPD更多的遗传变异,经Mantel检验,两种分子标记的分析结果相关性极显著.