Line shape analysis of two-colour photoassociation spectra on the example of the Cs ground state

Two-photon photoassociation spectra in a Λ-type excitation scheme are analysed under the systematically varied experimental conditions of frequency detunings and laser intensities. Line shape fits are presented as well as the investigation of intensity and detuning dependent line shifts. From both we determine the attained spectroscopic precision, that is corrected for a systematic line shift due to the thermal distribution of atoms in the trap. An energy correction for this effect is given. Information about the feasibility of generating translationally cold molecules in a well defined rotational and vibrational level by the photoassociation process is derived from the analysis. Received 21 May 2002 Published online 15 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"Current address e-mail: christian.lisdat@ptb.de RID="b" ID="b"e-mail: pierre.pillet@lac.u-psud.fr     

水冷却对高温花岗岩的细观损伤及动力学性能影响

为探讨高温花岗岩经水冷却后的细观结构损伤及动态力学性能,对水冷却后高温花岗岩开展波速和核磁共振测试,分离式霍普金森压杆冲击试验,以及冲击破碎试样的扫描电镜观察,分析比较不同状态下花岗岩波速、孔隙度和动力学参数的变化规律。研究发现:随着温度升高,经水冷却处理后高温花岗岩波速非线性下降,大孔径孔隙度分量增大,且水冷却后试样的孔隙孔径尺寸和数量均大于自然冷却;水冷却后高温花岗岩动力学参数呈现出随着温度升高,峰值应力减小,峰值应变增大,弹性模量则先增大后减小的规律;由于水冷却使高温花岗岩表面温度急剧降低,产生额外的温度应力,花岗岩内部损伤加剧,表现出更低的波速与峰值应力;而水的冷淬作用一定程度上提高了表层花岗岩的硬度,降低了高温后花岗岩的塑性能力,与自然冷却相比水冷却后花岗岩的峰值应变减小,弹性模量增大,表现出脆性破坏特征。在温度低于400℃时,冷却方式对冲击裂纹影响不大,随着温度升高到800℃,自然冷却后花岗岩冲击断面呈蜂窝状,而水冷却后冲击断面则相对平整。     

Precise measurement of the line width of the photoassociation spectra of ultracold molecules by using a frequency shifter

We propose a technique to precisely measure the line width of the photoassociation spectra of the excited cesium molecule by using a frequency shifter to generate two laser beams with a precise frequency difference. A series of photoassociation (PA) spectra are recorded with two laser beam induced molecular lines, whose peak separation serves as an accurate frequency ruler to measure the line width of the PA spectra. The full width half maximum line width was studied as a function of PA laser intensity. The extrapolated value at zero laser intensity is (34.84 ± 0.22) MHz. By analyzing other broadening mechanisms, a value of (32.02 ± 0.70) MHz was deduced. It is shown that this scheme is inexpensive, simple, robust, and is promising for applications in a variety of other atomic species.     

薄片激光器喷流冷却技术

为了分析喷流冷却技术对薄片激光器的冷却效果,从湍流换热理论出发,定义了评定喷流冷却换热能力和冷却均匀性的两个参数:面均对流换热系数和平均最大温差。利用ANSYS CFX流体力学仿真软件,建立喷流冷却的物理模型,对多种喷板结构进行求解计算。设计加工了整套喷流冷却实验装置,并进行了模拟热源喷流冷却实验。分析结果表明,喷流冷却换热能力和冷却均匀性主要受喷板结构参数的影响,仿真计算结果可以定性地指导喷板结构参数的优化设计。     

气膜孔角度对动叶前缘冲击/气膜复合冷却的影响

本文针对GE-E3第一级动叶前缘的冲击/气膜复合冷却结构进行了热流耦合数值研究.采用标准k-ω湍流模型,分析了前缘气膜孔对称布置时,其角度对透平动叶前缘冲击/气膜复合冷却特性的影响;在五种冷气质量流量比(MFR=0005,0.010, 0.016, 0.020, 0.025)下,研究了气膜孔在不同角度(β=20°,25...     

开式单喷嘴喷雾冷却均匀性实验研究

针对高热流密度激光介质高效散热与均匀冷却技术需求,设计并搭建了以去离子水为冷却工质的开式单喷嘴喷雾冷却实验平台,实验研究获得了不同热流密度（16～110 W/cm²）、不同冷却工质流量（200～300 mL/min）以及不同喷雾高度（15～25 mm）下单相喷雾冷却换热系数及其冷却均匀性效果。结果表明：该实验工况下,不同热流密度条件下喷雾高度及工质流量对于单相喷雾冷却换热效率及温度均匀性影响显著;喷雾高度15 mm、工质流量200 mL/min时获得最大对流换热系数为5.93 W/（cm²·K）;喷雾高度15 mm、工质流量250 mL/min时面积20 mm×20 mm的热源表面温度均匀性最佳可优于0.6 ℃。     

采用7.5 μm中红外量子级联激光器的痕量甲烷气体检测仪

一种具有高稳定性和高敏感度的紧凑型仪器,能精确、实时、实地连续测量和显示环境空气中的痕量甲烷(CH₄)浓度。仪器采用了已集成热电制冷器激射波长为7.5μm的法布里-珀罗量子级联激光器(QCL)在室温脉冲工作模式下的最新技术,以覆盖CH₄位于ν₄附近基频特征吸收谱带。同时,采用高品质液氮制冷碲镉汞中红外探测器,配合全反射镀金椭球反射镜一同使用,在20 cm单路径开放式光路吸收气室环境下,确保被测甲烷气体浓度为200 μmol·mol-1的实验条件下保持稳定度高达5.2×10-3。此仪器所集成的软件算法通过时间鉴别电子技术实现对QCL控制,能够在无需校准的情况下,提供连续痕量甲烷气体检测。实验表明,仪器可以用于环境监测中的实地痕量气体测量,并且操作人员可以通过替换在不同波长下运行的QCL来测量其他气体。     

水喷射淬冷高温壁面的传热实验研究

本文采用直接表面温度测量的方法对水喷射高温壁面的传热过程进行实验研究．系统地研究了射流出口速度、冷却水过冷度、喷嘴至加热面的间距、初始壁温以及水喷雾的流量密度等参数对淬冷表面的膜态沸腾、最小临界点、过渡沸腾、最大临界点等传热过程的影响，给出了有关实验结果，分析了它们的特点。     

Dissolved oxygen in the bottom water of the Sea of Japan as a sensitive alarm for global climate change

The Sea of Japan, a semi-closed marginal sea (greatest depth ∼3700 m) in the northwestern-most Pacific Ocean, has an independent, deep convection system, which is driven by the formation and the sinking of cool, saline surface water towards the bottom in severe winters. Continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen using highly precise versions of the Winkler titration method has revealed 8-10% decreases in the bottom concentration of oxygen (O₂) over the past 30 years. The temporal decrease in O₂ means an imbalance between the supply of O₂ from the surface and the in situ consumption of O₂ in decomposing organic matter, suggesting that the change in the deep convection pattern of the Sea of Japan is probably caused by global climate change to reduce winter cooling of surface seawater.     

北京市朝阳区食品污染物监测状况分析

为通过2008年北京市朝阳区食品污染物监测,了解辖区部分食品铅、镉、铝的污染现状,给食品风险评估和政府部门强化监管提供依据,按照国家标准方法GB／T5009对13种135件食品样品进行了铅、镉、铝含量的监测。结果表明,100件样品中铅超标率为6．O％,镉超标率为0;35件样品铝的超标率为65．71％。显示辖区经销的食品中重金属确有污染存在,而铝在油炸面制品和天然海蜇中超标率较高,仍对人体健康存在威胁。