由结构力学的平面问题例说最小势能原理

最小势能原理作为结构力学的提高部分,很少在该课程中看到关于它的完整介绍。本文以等刚度连续梁为研究对象,在只考虑弯曲变形的情况下,讨论了位移法典型方程的适用条件。在此基础上,分析了势能法和位移法之间的对偶关系。得出：等刚度连续梁在平面载荷与支座反力构成的平衡力系作用下,可能的小位移状态由虚力方程控制。若真实位移还能利用叠加原理进行求解,则可能位移状态下的总势能在真实位移处取极小值。等刚度连续梁弯曲变形的分析验证了最小势能原理,有助于对一般情况下最小势能原理的深刻认识。

     

自校整空间位移测量仪精度分析

对自校整空间位移测量仪的原理作了简要介绍，推导和计算了导向测量单元和总体的测量精度，对提高总体测量精度提出了几点建议，为该仪器的精度设计提供了理论依据。     

Supramolecular Recognition: Protonmotive‐Driven Switches or Motors?

A dicationic molecular receptor bearing two cofacially disposed terpyridyl-Pd-Cl units forms stable 1:1 host-guest complexes with planar, neutral platinum(II) complexes. When the guest is modified to incorporate a pyridine group, the now basic guest is protonated by trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile solutions. The basic yellow guest forms a stable, deep red 1:1 host-guest complex with the yellow palladium receptor. Addition of trifluoroacetic acid to this host-guest complex leads to the displacement of the guest from the receptor. It is proposed that the dissociation of the guest is caused by electrostatic repulsion between the dicationic receptor and the positively charged protonated guest. Addition of base restores the host-guest complex. This protonmotive translocation of the guest from the host to the solution is discussed in terms of the mechanisms that drive molecular motors, the power stroke and the Brownian ratchet. It is concluded that the system is best described as a molecular switch that operates by the same mechanism as one stroke of a molecular motor     

Analysis of a 2D “liquid” plasma lattice

To study the structural and dynamical properties of a 2D dusty plasma lattice, a set of experiments were performed in an environment of radio frequency discharge. Based on the results of one of the experiments, pair correlation function, bond-orientational correlation function and mean square displacement of such a system were computed and analyzed. The bond-orientational correlation function is found to fit in with the law of e-r, and the mean square displacement is found to increase monotonously with time, both of which, together with the pair correlation function, indicate that the two-dimensional dusty plasma lattice formed in the experiment stayed in a "liquid" state.     

DNA Strand Displacement with Base Pair Stabilizers: Purine-2,6-Diamine and 8-Aza-7-Bromo-7-Deazapurine-2,6-Diamine Oligonucleotides Invade Canonical DNA and New Fluorescent Pyrene Click Sensors Monitor the Reaction

Purine-2,6-diamine and 8-aza-7-deaza-7-bromopurine-2,6-diamine 2’-deoxyribonucleosides ( 1 and 2 ) were implemented in isothermal DNA strand displacement reactions. Nucleoside 1 is a weak stabilizer of dA-dT base pairs, nucleoside 2 evokes strong stabilization. Strand displacement reactions used single-stranded invaders with single and multiple incorporations of stabilizers. Displacement is driven by negative enthalpy changes between target and displaced duplex. Toeholds are not required. Two new environmental sensitive fluorescent pyrene sensors were developed to monitor the progress of displacement reactions. Pyrene was connected to the nucleobase in the invader or to a dendritic linker in the output strand. Both new sensors were constructed by click chemistry; phosphoramidites and oligonucleotides were prepared. Sensors show monomer or excimer emission. Fluorescence intensity changes when the displacement reaction progresses. Our work demonstrates that strand displacement with base pair stabilizers is applicable to DNA, RNA and to related biopolymers with applications in chemical biology, nanotechnology and medicinal diagnostics.     

Dynamic Bayesian estimation of displacement parameters of continuous curve box based on Novozhilov theory

The finite strip controlling equation of pinned curve box was deduced on basis of Novozhilov theory and with flexibility method, and the problem of continuous curve box was resolved. Dynamic Bayesian error function of displacement parameters of continuous curve box was found. The corresponding formulas of dynamic Bayesian expectation and variance were derived. After the method of solving the automatic search of step length was put forward, the optimization estimation computing formulas were also obtained by adapting conjugate gradient method. Then the steps of dynamic Bayesian estimation were given in detail. Through analysis of a classic example, the criterion of judging the precision of the known information is gained as well as some other important conclusions about dynamic Bayesian stochastic estimation of displacement parameters of continuous curve box.     

Effect of vibration on the stability of a plane displacement front in a porous medium

The effect of linearly polarized vibration on the stability of a plane displacement front in a porous medium is studied. The problem of the stability of the motion of a plane displacement front traveling at a constant velocity U under the action of vibration normal to the front is considered. It is shown that under the action of vibration the dynamics of the plane displacement front can be described by the Mathieu equation with a dissipative term. Using the standard averaging method, in the case of high-frequency vibration it is revealed that vibration can only increase the stability of the system. It is found that the vibration stabilizes the plane displacement front with respect to part of the perturbation spectrum.     

Application of microline/grid methods to temperature dependent microscopic deformation and damage in CFRP laminates

Tensile tests of CFRP symmetric cross-ply laminates are carried out in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and microscopic interlaminar deformation and damage near the transverse crack tip are visualized by microlines or microgrids printed on the specimen edge surface. The local deformation around the transverse crack tip is observed at 20°C, 80°C, 120°C and 160°C to evaluate the effect of thermal residual stress on the microscopic deformation and damage in the interlaminar region near the transverse crack tip. Temperature dependence of the axial crack opening displacement (COD) is also measured. The displacement field of the specimen edge surface obtained from these experimental results is compared with the theoretical model proposed by Lee, Allen and Harris. The analysis is modified to consider the temperature effect, and a good agreement is obtained between the modified theoretical predictions and experimental results.     

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对高架桥吊装中发生的严重事故进行了力学分析，指出事故发生的原因和防止类似事故发生的对应策略．     

Measurement of liquid film in microchannels using a laser focus displacement meter

This paper presents a new method for measuring the interfacial displacement of a liquid film in microchannels using a laser focus displacement meter (LFD). The purpose of the study is to clarify the effectiveness of the new method for obtaining detailed information concerning interfacial displacement, especially in the case of a thin liquid film, in microchannels and minichannels. To prevent the tube wall signal from disturbing that of the gas–liquid interface, a fluorocarbon tube with a water box was used; the refraction index of this device is the same as that for water. With this method, accurate instantaneous measurements of the interfacial displacement of the liquid film were achieved. The error caused by refraction of the laser beam passing through the acrylic water box and fluorocarbon tube was estimated analytically and experimentally. The formulated analytical equation can estimate the real interface displacement by using the measured displacement in a fluorocarbon tube of 25 m to 2.0 mm I.D. A preliminary test using fluorocarbon tubes of 1 mm and 2 mm I.D. showed that the corrected interface displacement calculated by the equation agreed with the real displacement to within a 1% margin of error. It was also confirmed that the LFD in the system could measure a liquid film of 0.25 m at the thinnest. We made simultaneous measurements of the interface in fluorocarbon tubes of 0.5 mm and 1 mm I.D. using the LFD and a high-speed video camera with a microscope. These showed that the LFD could measure the interface of a liquid film with high spatial and temporal resolution during annular, slug, and piston flow regimes. The data also clarified the existence of a thin liquid film of less than 1 m in thickness in the slug and annular flow regimes.