中国数字经济发展水平:时空特征、动态演化及影响因素

基于构建的数字经济发展水平评价指标体系与2010~2018年全国30个省市(除西藏、港澳台)的面板数据,对中国数字经济发展水平的时空特征、动态演化与区域差异原因进行探究。研究发现:全国及三大区域的数字经济发展水平均呈现稳步上升态势,并伴有明显的空间相关性、空间集聚性和区域差异性,且东部相较于中西部区域内差异更大。数字经济发展速度动态演化显示,整体上中国各省市数字化发展水平变化速度状态表现为上升趋势,相较于中西部,东部拥有更大的速度变化状态。地区前期数字化基础、经济发展的一阶滞后、政府科技投入均会促进区域数字经济的发展,对外开放水平会抑制数字经济发展,地区规模对数字经济的影响表现为非线性。此外,不同线性影响因素在不同区域内对数字经济发展水平具有不同的影响力。     

Fastiterative methods for least squares estimations

Least squares estimations have been used extensively in many applications, e.g. system identification and signal prediction. When the stochastic process is stationary, the least squares estimators can be found by solving a Toeplitz or near-Toeplitz matrix system depending on the knowledge of the data statistics. In this paper, we employ the preconditioned conjugate gradient method with circulant preconditioners to solve such systems. Our proposed circulant preconditioners are derived from the spectral property of the given stationary process. In the case where the spectral density functions() of the process is known, we prove that ifs() is a positive continuous function, then the spectrum of the preconditioned system will be clustered around 1 and the method converges superlinearly. However, if the statistics of the process is unknown, then we prove that with probability 1, the spectrum of the preconditioned system is still clustered around 1 provided that large data samples are taken. For finite impulse response (FIR) system identification problems, our numerical results show that annth order least squares estimator can usually be obtained inO(n logn) operations whenO(n) data samples are used. Finally, we remark that our algorithm can be modified to suit the applications of recursive least squares computations with the proper use of sliding window method arising in signal processing applications.Research supported in part by HKRGC grant no. 221600070, ONR contract no. N00014-90-J-1695 and DOE grant no. DE-FG03-87ER25037.     

一种基于二进小波变换的自适应滤波方法

根据信号和噪声经小波变换后在不同尺度上有不同的特征，将相邻尺度二进小波变换值的相关量进行归一化处理并与小波变换值比较来判断信号与噪声，以噪声在各尺度的方差作为终止迭代的标准，提出了一种基于二进小波变换小波域选择噪声的自适应滤波方法。研究了模拟信号的去噪过程、半峰宽和信噪比对去噪结果的影响，并对模拟含噪信号和含噪毛细管电泳信号去噪前后的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明：由于该方法具有良好的自适应性和显著的滤波效果，必将得到广泛的应用。     

内噪声作用下的随机共振算法对弱信号的检测

基于随机共振理论提出了一种简便、有效地检测弱信号的方法。在内噪声协同作用下，通过调节输入噪声信号的大小能较好地提高系统输出信号的信噪比，从而实现检测背景噪声很强的弱信号的目的。应用于模拟信号和实验信号的结果证明了方法是可行的。     

Fluorescence Analysis in Microarray Technology

Fluorescence has been the preferred choice for data quantification in biomedical microarray formats since their earliest days. As much as the formats have grown and evolved over the years, the methods in optical analysis have become ever more sophisticated and complex in order to produce more and better output. This review will provide an insight into the most common methods and the state-of-the-art of all areas in microarray fluorescence analysis. Starting with an overview on microarray formats with a focus on their demands on the readout, the most common and useful organic fluorescent stains are discussed before proceeding on to other approaches; the use of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots), polymer and silica nanoparticles and fluorescent proteins. Ways to enhance the intrinsically low signal on biochips have become increasingly important as they offer a sound approach towards the detection of low concentration sample content. The three main categories are presented: amplification using DNA, enzymes, and dendrimers. As much diversity as on the microarrays themselves can be found at the detection device. Standard optical microarray detectors, and non-standard methods using fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.     

Removal of major interference sources in aqueous near-infrared spectroscopy techniques

This work describes a hybrid procedure for eliminating major interference sources in aqueous near-infrared (NIR) spectra, that include aqueous influence, noise, and systemic variations irrelevant to concentration. The scheme consists of two parts: extension of wavelet prism (WPe) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC). First, WPe is employed to remove variations due to aqueous absorbance and noise; then OSC is applied to remove systemic spectral variations irrelevant to concentration. Although water possesses strong absorption bands that overshadow and overlap the absorption bands of analytes, along with noise and systematic interference, successful calibration models can be generated by employing the method proposed here. We show that the elimination of major interference sources from the aqueous NIR spectra results in a substantial improvement in the precision of prediction, and reduces the required number of PLS components in the model. In addition, the strategy proposed here can be applied to various analytical data for quantitative purposes as well.     

铕对小麦根细胞钙调素及NAD激酶的影响研究

研究了Eu对小麦根细胞内钙调素的含量和活性以及对受钙调素调控的专一性酶NAD激酶的影响。结果表明，Eu^3＋有类似Ca^2＋的作用，影响受Ca^2＋浓度调控的信号系统关键蛋白——钙调素的活性和含量变化。从而引起钙调素调控酶NAD激酶的活性改变，最终影响细胞内生理生化过程。认为稀土离子对生物体的Hormesis效应町能与稀土离子对细胞信号传递系统的影响有关，稀土离子可能通过影响细胞信号系统来调节细胞内的各种生理生化变化，形成稀土元素生物效应的多样性特征。     

开放式声化学反应体系中的反应动力学

采用气液传质的双膜理论建立了开放体系中声化学反应的动力学模型，同时用声源频率为500 kHz，声强为3 W·cm^-2的超声波在开放式声化学反应器内引发被空气饱和溶解的KI纯水溶液中的声化学反应，并检测反应过程中溶液的电导率，pH值改变及KI溶液中I₂的析出量，结果表明，它们与超声辐照时间之间呈线性关系，与理论模型吻合。     

数字喷墨印刷关键技术及其实现

经过20多年的完善与发展，喷墨技术已经成为大幅面广告印刷行业的主要印刷技术。随着图书按需印刷需求的快速扩张以及国家环保政策的迅速落地，喷墨印刷技术作为一项高效环保的数字化印刷技术，得到越来越高的关注，业内普遍认为喷墨印刷技术将是数字化印刷的必然发展趋势。然而与已经成熟的多Pass喷墨印刷设备不同，单Pass喷墨印刷设备在数据带宽、数据在线重构、高精度同步控制、喷嘴在线补偿等方面有着极高的技术要求。本文首先简要介绍了喷墨技术，然后针对单Pass喷墨印刷设备需要解决的技术问题提出了相应的解决方案。依据本文技术设计的单Pass书刊喷墨印刷机已经投放市场，并且获得了用户的普遍认可。     

Stochastic resonance is applied to quantitative analysis for weak chromatographic signal of glyburide in plasma

Based on the theory of stochastic resonance, a new method carried on the quantitive analysis to weak chromatographic signal of glyburide in plasma, which was embedded in the noise background and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of HPLC-UV is enhanced remarkably. This method enhances the quantification limit to 1 ng ml⁻¹, which is the same as HPLC-MS, and makes it possible to detect the weak signal accurately by HPLC-UV, which was not suitable before. The results showed good recovery and linear range from 1 to 50 ng ml⁻¹ of glyburide in plasma and the method can be used for quantitative analysis of glyburide.