A Memristive Element Based on an Electrically Controlled Single‐Molecule Reaction

The exponential proliferation of data during the information age has required the continuous exploration of novel storage paradigms, materials, and devices with increasing data density. As a step toward the ultimate limits in data density, the development of an electrically controllable single‐molecule memristive element is reported. In this device, digital information is encoded through switching between two isomer states by applying a voltage signal to the molecular junction, and the information is read out by monitoring the electrical conductance of each isomer. The two states are cycled using an electrically controllable local‐heating mechanism for the forward reaction and catalyzed by a single charge‐transfer process for the reverse switching. This single‐molecule device can be modulated in situ, is fully reversible, and does not display stochastic switching. The I–V curves of this single‐molecule system also exhibit memristive character. These features suggest a new approach for the development of molecular switching systems and storage‐class memories.     

The effect of the wind velocity on the uptake rates of various diffusive samplers

This paper examines the results of experiments carried out in an exposure chamber to determine the wind effects on the performance of various diffusive sampler types commonly used for measuring gaseous pollutants in air. The resistance to wind of six diffusive samplers, two Palmes tubes, a badge with diffusion membrane, the EMD sampler and two radial diffusive samplers for different pollutants was compared in a range of velocities from 0 to 300?cm?s^?1. For all diffusive samplers tested, an increase in uptake rate was observed with increased air velocity usually following a logarithmic function. The consequences are an underestimation in the concentration measured by the diffusive samplers for low wind velocities below 30?cm?s^?1 and conversely an overestimation from 60?cm?s^?1. The magnitude of wind effects depends on diffusive sampler type and exceeds an uptake rate variation of ±20% for the axial diffusion tubes and the EMD sampler. With regard to the characteristics of each diffusive sampler, the dependence of uptake rate on wind velocity was analysed and discussed. The radial diffusive samplers for benzene and particularly the ones having a large and thick porous membrane appear to be the most effective design to minimise the influence of air velocity on passive sampling.     

非平衡等离子体对甲烷——氧扩散火焰影响的实验研究

利用自主设计的等离子喷注器采用介质阻挡放电方式产生非平衡等离子体,首先利用纹影技术、热电偶、单点红外测温等多种诊断方法实验研究了纯氧放电等离子体的电学特性、热效应及气动效应,然后通过可见光和化学自发辐射成像技术获得了火焰形态及特征参数,详细分析了等离子体对甲烷--纯氧扩散火焰形态和释热的影响,并计算了放电功率及费效比. 结果表明, 燃烧导致放电电流显著增大,其中电压幅值与氧气流速对放电电流大小的影响规律正好相反;与空气等离子体相比, 相同流量与电压条件下氧等离子体放电功率较高,但其发光强度明显较弱; 氧等离子体热效应微弱, 对燃烧的影响可以忽略,放电反应中释热过程主要由含氧组分决定;放电产生了具有3个速度分量的诱导射流, 增大了氧射流角,且电压越大越显著.等离子体主要通过气动效应改变了燃料与氧化剂的掺混,使得一定条件下火焰变得更稳定、释热更强.在所研究的范围内等离子体作用的费效比最低仅为2.2％,大流量、小混合比更有利.      

Ternary Conductance Switching Realized by a Pillar[5]arene-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Imine Polymer Film

Nowadays, most manufacturing memory devices are based on materials with electrical bistability (i. e., “0” and “1”) in response to an applied electric field. Memory devices with multilevel states are highly desired so as to produce high-density and efficient memory devices. Herein, we report the first multichannel strategy to realize a ternary-state memristor. We make use of the intrinsic sub-nanometer channel of pillar[5]arene and nanometer channel of a two-dimensional imine polymer to construct an active layer with multilevel channels for ternary memory devices. Low threshold voltage, long retention time, clearly distinguishable resistance states, high ON/OFF ratio (OFF/ON1/ON2=1 : 10 : 10³), and high ternary yield (75 %) were obtained. In addition, the flexible memory device based on 2DP_TPAZ+TAPB can maintain its stable ternary memory performance after being bent 500 times. The device also exhibits excellent thermal stability and can tolerate a temperature as high as 300 °C. It is envisioned that the results of this work will open up possibilities for multistate, flexible resistive memories with good thermal stability and low energy consumption, and broaden the application of pillar[n]arene.     

钾扩散耦合引起的心脏中螺旋波的变化

在某些情况下, 心肌细胞外的钾离子浓度是变化的, 钾离子的横向扩散会导致细胞外钾离子的聚集和产生钾扩散耦合, 用考虑钾扩散耦合的Luo-Rudy相I心脏模型研究了钾扩散耦合对螺旋波动力学的影响. 数值模拟结果表明: 当钾扩散耦合比较强时, 钾扩散耦合使细胞外钾离子浓度先升高, 然后做规则振荡, 导致螺旋波做无规则漫游; 观察到螺旋波的波臂宽度和频率随钾扩散耦合的强度增大而减小, 这样, 当钾扩散耦合足够强时, 钾扩散耦合可以消除螺旋波和时空混沌. 关键词： 钾扩散耦合 螺旋波 时空混沌     

A mathematical model of sulphite chemical aggression of limestones with high permeability. Part I. Modeling and qualitative analysis

We introduce a degenerate nonlinear parabolic–elliptic system, which describes the chemical aggression of limestones under the attack of SO₂, in high permeability regime. By means of a dimensional scaling, the qualitative behavior of the solutions in the fast reaction limit is investigated. Explicit asymptotic conditions for the front formation are derived.     

Structural stability for a Brinkman fluid

In this paper the authors investigate the structural stability of the Brinkman equations which describe the flow of a fluid containing a solute. A model proposed by Straughan and Hutter (Proc. Roy. Soc. London A 1999; 455 :767–777) is employed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Diffusive flows in ultrafiltration and their effect on membrane retention properties

In modelling the retention of ultrafiltration membranes, diffusive fluxes across the membrane have usually been neglected, mainly due to evidence derived from using symmetric track-etched membranes. The present paper reexamines this matter specifically for the case of “real” asymmetric membranes. A critical literature review on the use of irreversible thermodynamic (IT), hydrodynamic and Stefan-Maxwell (S-M) models is presented. It is shown that all three approaches yield the same basic retention equation for the case of non-negligible diffusive solute-flux. It is also shown that, for membranes with a coefficient close to one, a much simpler equation gives results almost identical to the more rigorous basic equation just mentioned. Furthermore an overview of available literature data indicates that diffusive fluxes do play a non-negligible role in the functioning of asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes. Further work is needed in order to predict solute transport properties in hydrodynamic terms. A simplified Stefan-Maxwell approach seems the appropriate tool for future work in studying multicomponent solutions.     

Monte Carlo studies of a driven lattice gas. I. Growth and asymmetry during phase segregation

We investigate the effects of an external field on the kinetics of phase segregation in systems with conservative diffusive dynamics. We find that, in contrast to the situation without a field, there are now qualitative differences between the results of microscopic simulations of a 2D lattice model with biased Kawasaki exchanges and those obtained from various modifications of the macroscopic Cahn-Hilliard equation (mCH). While both microscopic simulations and numerical solutions of MCH yield triangular domains, we find that in the former the triangles mainly pointopposite to the field, while in the latter and in new calculations with the mCH they pointalong the field. On the other hand, the rate of growth of the clusters and their final state, bands parallel to the field, are similar. This issue and the question of the mesoscopic behavior of cell dynamical systems is discussed but not resolved.     

太阳耀斑与太阳高能粒子

考虑日冕区加速中相对论性粒子的扩散激波加速,结果表明:(1)粒子随时间的分布,其主要特点是随时问增加,一定能量的粒子分布迅速增加至最大后下降,并且能量越大,其最大就越向着大时间移动;(2)给出了相应的时间积分谱,它正比于具有指数截止的粒子动量的幂律.还讨论了粒子加速到高能区的条件及可能性.