Spray Deposition Synthesis of Locally Ordered Mesoporous Polycrystalline Titania Films at Low Temperature

A low-temperature spray deposition synthesis was developed to prepare locally hexagonally ordered mesoporous titania films with polycrystalline anatase pore walls in an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The titania film preparation procedure is conducted completely at temperatures below 50 °C. The effects of spray time, film thickness, synthesis time prior to spray deposition, and aging time at high relative humidity after deposition on the atomic arrangement and the mesoorder of the mesoporous titania were studied. We find the crystallite size to depend on both the synthesis time and aging time of the films, where longer times result in larger crystallites. Using the photocatalytic activity of titania, the structure-directing agent is removed with UV radiation at 43–46 °C. The capability of the prepared films to remove the polymer template increased with longer synthesis and aging times due to the increased crystallinity, which increases the photocatalytic efficiency of the titania films. However, with increasingly longer times, the crystallites grow too large for the mesoorder of the pores to be maintained. This work shows that a scalable spray coating method can be used to prepare locally ordered mesoporous polycrystalline titania films by judiciously tuning the synthesis parameters.     

无溶剂超临界CO2喷射成型技术制备万古霉素/PLGA纤维制剂及体外缓释性能研究

利用无溶剂超临界二氧化碳喷射成形技术,制备可降解高分子万古霉素缓释纤维,并对其体外万古霉素释放性能进行了研究。通过条件试验确定了最适合的成形工艺参数;选择有代表性的PLGA作为主体缓释材料,万古霉素作为实验对象,建立了上述万古霉素制剂体系的体外缓释模型和分析方法;结合缓释材料的降解情况对万古霉素缓释的机理进行了研究。     

DME/LPG混合燃料HCCI燃烧模拟

根据碳氢燃料化学反应系统具有层次结构的特性,本文通过分析二甲醚(DME)与液化石油气(LPG)的详细化学反应机理,构建了反映DME／LPG混合燃料均质压燃(HCCI)燃烧的详细化学反应机理．采用该机理应用单区燃烧模型对DME／LPG混合燃料HCCI燃烧的化学反应动力学过程进行了数值计算．计算结果与试验结果对比表明,所构建的DME／LPG混合燃料氧化的详细化学反应机理能够准确预测DME／LPG混合燃料的两阶段放热特性,对低温和高温着火始点的预测很好;但高温反应过程预测欠佳,高温反应机理需要改进．     

丙烯酸盐喷膜防水材料在酸碱浸润和冻融循环条件下的耐久性试验分析

丙烯酸盐喷膜防水材料在酸碱溶液浸润和冻融条件下的耐久性能是该类材料在工程应用中较难回避的实际问题,论文采用酸性介质(0.2%的H2SO4溶液)和碱性介质(0.1%NaOH+饱和Ca(OH)2溶液)对该材料进行饱和浸泡并进行冻融循环后,研究了该材料的吸水性、断裂拉伸强度和拉断伸长率的变化规律。试验结果表明:喷膜防水材料在侵蚀-冻融循环作用下,其拉断伸长率和断裂拉伸强度显著降低,且酸性介质对材料拉伸性能的影响较大;材料耐低温冰冻能力较强,耐高温能力较差。反映出丙烯酸盐喷膜防水材料在低温冰冻和碱性介质中耐久性较好,不建议在高温和酸性介质条件下使用。     

新型微乳化柴油抛撒和云雾爆炸实验及其抑爆性能评估

为掌握新型微乳化柴油的抑爆性能和机理,开展了-10#柴油、普通微乳化柴油和新型微乳化柴油抛撒和云雾爆炸实验。采用灰色关联分析法,对柴油样品云雾爆炸火球的表面最高温度时的平均温度、高温(高于1 273.15 K)持续时间、火球最大截面积、火球辐射度等特征参数进行定量计算并评估其爆炸威力,又运用液体燃料抛撒和成像系统,研究柴油样品在激波及其高速气流作用下的抛撒雾化现象及其抑爆机理。结果表明:新型微乳化柴油的抛撒云雾径向扩展半径和云雾爆炸火球特征参数均明显小于-10#柴油、普通微乳化柴油,如在含水质量分数为5%的乳化柴油中分别添加质量分数为0.2%和0.4%的高分子聚合物防雾剂,形成的新型微乳化柴油的火球表面最高平均温度比-10#柴油分别低296.90和336.90 K,高温持续时间比-10#柴油分别少94和234 ms;火球最大截面积也分别只有-10#柴油的60.10%、53.53%;新型微乳化柴油的爆炸威力最小,抑爆性能最好,其次是普通微乳化柴油和-10#柴油;微乳化柴油的水分质量分数在15%以下时,多增加10%的水与添加0.2%防雾剂的抑爆效果相当;新型微乳化柴油抑爆性能较好的主要原因是柴油中添加防雾剂使其液滴黏弹性增大,在高速气流剪切作用不易破碎、雾化,液滴分散效果差。     

Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot—Brazil

Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado that has shown important characteristics such as a significant phenolic compound content and biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity in taperebá peel extract, as well as microencapsulating the extract with chitosan and evaluating the stability of the microparticles. The evaluation of the profile of phenolic compounds was carried out by UPLC-MS/MS. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. The microparticles were obtained by spray drying and were submitted to a stability study under different temperatures. In general, the results showed a significant content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results of UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated a significant content of polyphenols in taperebá peel, highlighting the high content of ellagic acid and quercetin compounds. There was significant retention of phenolic compounds when microencapsulated, demonstrating high retention at all evaluated temperatures. This study is the first to microencapsulate the extract of taperebá peel, in addition to identifying and quantifying some compounds in this fruit.     

微粉化技术提高水不溶性药物溶解度

药物的微粉化可以改善颗粒的润湿性,进而提高水不溶性药物的溶解度和溶解速率。目前普遍采用的药物微粒化技术主要包括机械研磨、超临界流体过程、低温喷淋和溶剂蒸发沉积过程。本文介绍了这些微粉化制备技术的基本原理以及该类技术的应用进展。     

La2O3对钛合金表面镍基喷焊涂层组织和性能的影响

采用火焰喷焊技术在钛合金基体上制备了不加La2O3和加4％(质量分数)La2O3两种镍基涂层，分析了它们的显微组织、合金元素的扩散、显微硬度以及耐磨性能。结果表明：La2O3的加人，改善了涂层合金的流动性和显微组织的均匀性，并使涂层与基体的熔合更加明显，结合性能得到进一步提高；虽然一定程度上减弱了基体Ti元素对喷焊层的强化作用，使表层显微硬度略有下降，但磨损失重却较未加La2O3的喷焊涂层下降了20％。     

高效液相色谱法测定柴油族组成

在银型磺酸键合硅胶柱上以含苯或环己烯的正己烷为流动相,实现了饱和烃、烯烃的基线分离,以改进的迁移丝式氢火焰离子化检测器（ＭＷ－ＦＩＤ）进行定量检测,同时考察了Ａｇ－ＳＣＸ柱的使用性能及改进的ＭＷ－ＦＩＤ的定量准确性。在此基础上建立了高效液相色谱体系分离柴油族组成（饱和烃、烯烃、芳烃及胶质）。