空间信息网抗毁安全路由协议

对空间信息网路由协议进行了研究,提出了一种基于GEO-LEO（geosynchronous earth orbit,GEO;low earth orbit,LEO）双层卫星组网的空间信息网抗毁安全路由协议.协议中GEO卫星组提供对LEO卫星的分组管理、密钥管理和超远距离中继服务功能,LEO卫星担任主要通信任务,路由消息采用对称密钥加密;协议在每个卫星周期时间片起始路由查找产生路由表并对该路由表进行存储,若在该卫星周期内没有卫星节点失效或链路拥塞的情况出现,路由表保持不变,否则触发路由更新过程.仿真分析实验表明,该抗毁安全路由协议在信令开销不大的情况下对空间信息网路由消息的可靠性和安全性有很大提高.     

旅游收入的实用统计方法研究

首先揭示了旅游收入指标的统计困难和现行统计方法(包括制度与理论规定的方法及各地实际操作方法)的明显缺陷.然后,从研究旅游人数与游客人均消费这两个基本因素的调查统计方法入手,探索出了城市旅游收入指标的一种实用统计方法.最后,通过运用该方法对我国某旅游城市最近13年的旅游收入的统计,尤其是通过分析旅游收入对国民经济发展的真实影响,证实该方法不仅可操作性强,而且其运用结果的真实性明显优于现行统计方法.     

Orbit and attitude control of spacecraft formation flying

Formation flying is a novel concept of distributing the functionality of large spacecraft among several smaller, less expensive, cooperative satellites. Some applications require that a controllable satellite keeps relative position and attitude to observe a specific surface of another satellite among the cluster. Specially, the target space vehicle is malfunctioning. The present paper focuses on the problem that how to control a chaser satellite to fly around an out-of-work target satellite closely in earth orbit and to track a specific surface. Relative attitude and first approximate relative orbital dynamics equations are presented. Control strategy is derived based on feedback linearization and Lyapunov theory of stability. Further, considering the uncertainty of inertia, an adaptive control method is developed to obtain the correct inertial ratio. The numerical simulation is given to verify the validity of proposed control scheme.     

Influence of satellite groups on telechelic antimicrobial functions of polyoxazolines

The antimicrobial activity of poly(alkyloxazoline) telechelics with one quaternary N,N-dimethyldodecylammonium (DDA) end group was found to be greatly controlled by the non-bioactive distal end group, the so-called satellite group. In systematic investigations, the nature of the latter groups was varied to explore the mechanism of the satellite effect. To this end, poly(2-alkyl-1,3-oxazoline)s (alkyl = ethyl, methyl) with a DDA-group at the terminating end and varying alkyl, aminoalkyl, and polyphenyloxazoline block satellite groups, have been synthesized. Poly(oxazoline) derivatives with polydispersity indices of 1.06-1.20 and molecular weights from 2,200 to 12,800 g . mol(-1) could be obtained. The macromolecular structures have been confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS measurements. The polymers were investigated with regard to their antibacterial efficiency towards the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. It was found that the introduction of alkyl chain satellites of 4-10 carbon atoms in length afforded antimicrobial activity of the polymers against both microbes that was about 2-3 times higher than that of the well-known structurally comparable low molecular weight biocide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC). Based on the antimicrobial effects of the investigated polymers, a mechanism for the satellite effect was proposed.     

冰水混合云对量子卫星通信性能的影响

根据冰-水混合云中冰晶和水滴粒子的谱分布函数及消光因子,得到冰-水混合云的冰水含量比例与量子卫星通信信道之间的衰减关系;针对比特翻转信道和退极化信道,分别建立冰水含量比例与信道容量、信道保真度之间的方程;分析了冰水含量比例对信道建立速率的影响.仿真结果表明:当冰水含量比例分别为1∶2和1∶9时,比特翻转信道、退极化信道的容量分别为0.65和0.92、0.59和0.95;当信源字符的概率为0.9时,比特翻转信道、退极化信道的保真度分别为0.60和0.83、0.89和0.95;当传输距离为2km,纠缠粒子对保真度为0.8时,信道建立速率分别为7.40 Hz和15.57 Hz.因此,当量子卫星信号出现较大衰减时,应根据冰-水混合云的冰水含量比例,自适应调整量子卫星通信系统的各项参量,以提高量子卫星通信的可靠性.     

基于卫星共视法的电网时频测量及同步技术

时间同步对电网的安全和管理有着重要影响,如何准确可靠地同步电网时间值得研究。为此,提出利用卫星共视技术进行电网时间频率的远程校准、进而实现电网时间同步的方法。首先,提出电力系统的四级时间频率溯源体系,明确了电网时间频率溯源关系。其次,研究建立了可以满足卫星共视要求的时间频率计量标准装置,依托标准装置,将卫星共视技术应用于电力系统时间频率远程校准中,利用卡尔曼滤波算法去除干扰,并分析了基于卫星共视技术的电网时间频率同步方法。为定量评价提出方法的有效性,研究了采用提出的方法进行溯源时的时间不确定度和频率不确定度。实验及分析结果表明,提出的方法可以实现时间频率量值的高精度远程传递,从而保障电力系统中的时间同步。     

基于STK的BDS星座仿真和性能分析

利用卫星仿真工具包(STK)设计和建立了北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的全球星座。在此基础上,选取南北半球不同经纬度的11个城市作为观测点,分别获得了BDS和全球定位系统(GPS)的可见星数和几何精度衰减因子(GDOP)的值,并按照5°×5°的空间分辨率,仿真了全球范围内BDS和GPS的可见星数和GDOP值。仿真结果表明,全球星座的BDS具有与GPS同样优良的导航性能,其在亚太地区的性能甚至更优于GPS,完全可以为用户提供高性能的满足所需导航性能(RNP)的导航服务。     

Effect of phosphorus concentration on the electronic structure of nanocrystalline electrodeposited Ni–P alloys: an XPS and XAES investigation

A surface analysis has been conducted on a series of electrodeposited nickel‐phosphorus (Ni–P) alloys containing from 6 to 29 at.% phosphorus, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES). No changes in core‐level binding energies, Ni2p3/2 and Ni2p1/2, P2p, P2s, or X‐ray excited NiLMM and PKLL Auger lines were observed regardless of phosphorus concentration. The only systematic differences observed concerned: (i) the binding energy of the Ni2p satellite peak, (ii) the fine structure of the NiLMM Auger lines, (iii) the percentage of the satellite in the total Ni2p3/2 spectrum and (iv) the valence band density of states in the Ni3d electrons region, all related to the electronic structure of the Ni–P alloys. For the first time, it has been possible to describe and rationalise the influence of (phosphorus) ligand concentration on the electronic structure of nickel‐based alloys, using a screening model proposed in the literature for clarifying the role of substituents on the electronic structure of conductor compounds of nickel. As the phosphorus content increases, the number of non‐bonding Ni3d electrons decreases. Thus the d‐type core‐hole screening is less pronounced and the binding energy of the satellite for the final state with a filled Ni4s shell increases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卫星编队飞行中C-W方程与轨道根数法的比较

目前卫星编队飞行动力学与控制的研究得到了广泛的重视,这些研究的理论主要是基于描述卫星相对运动的Clohessy-Wiltshire(C-W)方程。但根据特例及定性分析,表明C-W方程在初始条件的选取、解的周期性等方面与实际情况不符,从星的能量也不守恒。以卫星轨道根数为基础,提出了卫星编队飞行中的相对轨道根数法,克服了C-W方程的局限性,物理概念清楚,应用范围广,解的周期性成为自然结论。在主星为小偏心率的情况下,得到了简化的相对运动方程。最后对两种方法进行了比较,指出了C-W方程的局限性及其原因。     

以反射物镜作为卫星二维扫描成像扫描镜的新思路

对卫星成像系统的扫描机构的发展概况作了简单的介绍。在此基础上提出了另一种以反射物镜作为成像系统二维扫描机构的新的实施方案 ,并对系统的构成与工作原理、方案的优缺点和可行性进行了分析和讨论。与以往的同类扫描系统相比 ,方案思路新颖 ,方法巧妙 ,具有很高的参考与实用价值