全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24611篇 |
免费 | 4418篇 |
国内免费 | 2273篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4328篇 |
晶体学 | 579篇 |
力学 | 895篇 |
综合类 | 391篇 |
数学 | 9552篇 |
物理学 | 15557篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 70篇 |
2023年 | 273篇 |
2022年 | 640篇 |
2021年 | 633篇 |
2020年 | 579篇 |
2019年 | 538篇 |
2018年 | 542篇 |
2017年 | 749篇 |
2016年 | 820篇 |
2015年 | 738篇 |
2014年 | 1277篇 |
2013年 | 1938篇 |
2012年 | 1357篇 |
2011年 | 1531篇 |
2010年 | 1252篇 |
2009年 | 1597篇 |
2008年 | 1835篇 |
2007年 | 1810篇 |
2006年 | 1598篇 |
2005年 | 1460篇 |
2004年 | 1184篇 |
2003年 | 1194篇 |
2002年 | 1071篇 |
2001年 | 944篇 |
2000年 | 942篇 |
1999年 | 827篇 |
1998年 | 731篇 |
1997年 | 644篇 |
1996年 | 488篇 |
1995年 | 382篇 |
1994年 | 351篇 |
1993年 | 242篇 |
1992年 | 195篇 |
1991年 | 140篇 |
1990年 | 110篇 |
1989年 | 86篇 |
1988年 | 82篇 |
1987年 | 57篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 71篇 |
1984年 | 57篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 22篇 |
1980年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Convolutional neural networks utilize a hierarchy of neural network layers. The statistical aspects of information concentration in successive layers can bring an insight into the feature abstraction process. We analyze the saliency maps of these layers from the perspective of semiotics, also known as the study of signs and sign-using behavior. In computational semiotics, this aggregation operation (known as superization) is accompanied by a decrease of spatial entropy: signs are aggregated into supersign. Using spatial entropy, we compute the information content of the saliency maps and study the superization processes which take place between successive layers of the network. In our experiments, we visualize the superization process and show how the obtained knowledge can be used to explain the neural decision model. In addition, we attempt to optimize the architecture of the neural model employing a semiotic greedy technique. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first application of computational semiotics in the analysis and interpretation of deep neural networks. 相似文献
992.
《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2018,56(10):778-785
In this work, collapse of poly(N‐isopropyl‐acrylamide) (pNIPAM) grafted on the surface of the optical fiber taper is probed by measuring fluorescence of rhodamine B solution at various temperatures. It is observed that the fluorescence intensity through the taper shows a nonlinear response to temperature. According to the optical model for the special designed taper, it is realized that the nonlinear response results from changing in effective refractive index of interfacial layer between taper and solution. Analysis on relationship between signal change and collapse process reveals a springback process during the collapse of pNIPAM chains. Such a novel phenomenon is further investigated on method for fluorescence measurement and molecular weight of the polymer. These results have not only revealed details of the collapse, but also establish a novel technique for study the collapse of thermal sensitive polymers on the surface. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 778–785 相似文献
993.
《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2018,56(1):147-153
The design rules for creating multifunctional organic electronic materials are currently limited. By copolymerizing twisted triphenylamine (TPA) and electron rich dioxythiophene (XDOT) monomers via Direct (Hetero) Arylation Polymerization (DHAP), a set of polymers are obtained that perform as yellow to transmissive electrochromic (EC) films with up to 45% contrast, as well as in electroluminescent (EL) applications, achieving a luminance of ∼450 cd/m2 in yellow‐green polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). In addition, polymerizing TPA with a donor‐acceptor‐donor monomer results in a low‐bandgap polymer that achieves power conversion efficiencies up to 2.5% when blended with PC71BM in conventional organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Incorporation of TPA units into the polymer backbone largely breaks any aggregation and ordering in the solid‐state, leading to highly soluble materials that form smooth, reproducible thin films. The TPA unit also serves to break conjugation throughout the polymer backbone, providing precise control over optical and electronic properties through choice of comonomer. These results suggest that TPA copolymers can be useful for achieving multi‐functionality without sacrificing facile solution processability, making them promising candidates for multifunctional devices like dual EC/EL displays. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 147–153 相似文献
994.
995.
氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍聚全氟乙丙烯包皮的氟锆酸盐(ZrF_4-BaF_2-LaF_3-AlF_3-NaF)玻璃光纤的制备方法.研究了各种工艺因素对氟锆酸盐玻璃和光纤散射损耗的影响.结果表明,选择适当的熔化温度和均化时间,玻璃熔化和光纤拉制时环境中低的水含量是制得的损耗氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤的关键;配合料中引入适量NH_4HF_2,选用温度结构合理的拉丝炉及拉丝工艺也有助于降低光纤的损耗.在此工作基础上,获得了波长2.32μm处损耗为0.24dB/m的氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤. 相似文献
996.
微微秒超短脉冲的光学压缩 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在研究了短光纤(L~L_w)中受激喇曼散射的斯托克斯脉冲对基波脉冲能量箝位效应的基础上进行了脉冲压缩实验。以高泵浦功率(P=1600W)注入长度为8.95m绿光单模光纤中,采用双光程的光栅对压缩结构,并引入空间频率窗口滤除自相位调制光谱的非线性啁啾部分,将40ps的锁模Nd:YAG倍频光脉压缩至<5ps。 相似文献
997.
The spectrum of theB 2Σ-X 2Σ system of the CaF molecule has been photographed in the second order of a 10.6 m concave grating spectrograph with 0.33 Å/mm dispersion. The rotational structure of the (0, 0) and (1, 0) bands has been analysed and the precise molecular constants have been obtained. Using the constants so determined the band origins of a large number of bands with 0 <v′,v″ < 10 have been calculated and used to obtain the accurate vibrational constants forB andX states and these are presented. 相似文献
998.
Hans C. Fogedby 《Journal of statistical physics》1992,69(1-2):411-425
We elaborate in some detail on a new phase space approach to complexity, due to Y.-C. Zhang. We show in particular that the connection between maximal complexity and power law noise or correlations can be derived from a simple variational principle. For a 1D signal we find 1/f noise, in accordance with Zhang. 相似文献
999.
J. Cichon J. D. Mitchell M. Morayne 《Transactions of the American Mathematical Society》2007,359(5):2059-2074
If is a metric space, then and denote the semigroups of continuous and Lipschitz mappings, respectively, from to itself. The relative rank of modulo is the least cardinality of any set where generates . For a large class of separable metric spaces we prove that the relative rank of modulo is uncountable. When is the Baire space , this rank is . A large part of the paper emerged from discussions about the necessity of the assumptions imposed on the class of spaces from the aforementioned results.
1000.