时空过采样探测系统性能仿真

基于星载扫描辐射计的工作原理,对传统的线列扫描成像系统和过采样系统的采样过程进行了数学建模和仿真成像,在两种采样模式下对点目标探测进行了仿真。在Matlab环境下对过采样探测系统进行了仿真图像的沿线阵方向的两倍空间过采样和扫描方向上（即时间上）的2~10倍的过采样仿真。通过对过采样探测系统各种工况下的仿真,得到了图像中信号能量值和目标尺寸大小的关系,分析了目标位置的不同对成像质量造成的影响。最后给出了不同大小目标两个通道上的四倍过采样图像,并分析了图像中存在的跨像元现象。     

Solubility of Solid Pentane, 2-Methylbutane, and Cyclopentane in Liquid Argon at 87.3 K

The solubilities of solid pentane, 2-methylbutane (isopentane), and cyclopentane in liquid argon at 87.3 K have been measured by the filtration method. The C₅ hydrocarbon content in solution was determined using gas chromatography. The solubilities of the C₅ hydrocarbons in liquid argon at 87.3K vary from 0.61 × 10^–7 mole fraction for cyclopentane, to 1.37 × 10^–7 mole fraction for pentane, and 8.83 × 10^–6 mole fraction for 2-methylbutane. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid C₅ hydrocarbons in liquid argon in the temperature range 84–110 K and in liquid nitrogen in the range 64–90K. The values of the solvent–solute interaction constant l ₁₂ were also calculated.     

A New Type of Digital Compensatory Millimeter Wave Radiometer

System gain and receiver noise are two main impact factors of total power millimeter wave (MMW) radiometer output. In this paper, a new method of using software to compensate system gain and receiver noise fluctuation is introduced. This method can keep the long-term stability and accuracy of the radiometer. At the same time, only one matching load is used as the reference source, which can prevent the trouble caused by using two cold and hot calibration sources in ground-based or airborne radiometer. The preliminary experiment proves the efficiency of the method.     

Analytical calculation of DNB-superheating by a postulated thermo-mechanical effect of nucleate boiling

Observations of stationary subcooled nucleate boiling with forced convection in a glass-pipe at a pressure of 0.1 MPa lead to a new interpretation of the wall. This interpretation applied to the rules of linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics results in framework equations with non-linear heat transfer as indicated by several empirical correlations. Momentum balances at the singular surfaces of a bubble have been combined with a sonic limit for the mass transfer through the interfaces serving as a maximum condition with respect to heat transfer (DNB). The calculation predicts the corresponding wall temperature from properties of state without using empirical coefficients and therefore must be valid independent of coolants' geometries and surface conditions. Documented measurements at pool boiling, forced and free convection with cryogenic liquids, water and liquid metals emphasize this if data are properly selected corresponding to the precondition that void fraction remains low.     

A Rayleigh-Plesset based transport model for cryogenic fluid cavitating flow computations

The present article focuses on modeling issues to simulate cryogenic fluid cavitating flows.A revised cavitation model,in which the thermal effect is considered,is derivated and established based on Kubota model.Cavitating flow computations are conducted around an axisymmetric ogive and a 2D quarter caliber hydrofoil in liquid nitrogen implementing the revised model and Kubota model coupled with energy equation and dynamically updating the fluid physical properties,respecitively.The results show that the revised cavitation model can better describe the mass transport process in the cavitation process in cryogenic fluids.Compared with Kubota model,the revised model can reflect the observedfrostyappearance within the cavity.The cavity length becomes shorter and it can capture the temperature and pressure depressions more consistently in the cavitating region,particularly at the rear of the cavity.The evaporation rate decreases,and while the magnitude of the condensation rate becomes larger because of the thermal effect terms in the revised model compared with the results obtained by the Kubota model.     

Preparation and cryogenic mechanical properties of epoxy resins modified by poly(ethersulfone)

A thermoplastic, poly(ethersulfone) (PES) was used to modify a bisphenol‐F based epoxy resin cured with an aromatic diamine. The initial mixtures before curing, prepared by melt mixing, were homogeneous. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of solvent‐etched fracture surfaces of the cured blends indicated that phase separation occurred after curing. The cryogenic mechanical behaviors of the epoxy resins were studied in terms of tensile properties and Charpy impact strength at cryogenic temperature (77 K) and compared to their corresponding behaviors at room temperature (RT). The addition of PES generally improved the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength at both RT and 77 K except the RT tensile strength at 25 phr PES content. It was interesting to observe that and the maximum values of the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength occurred at 20 phr PES content where a co‐continuous phase formed. Young's modulus decreased slightly with the increase of the PES content. Moreover, the tensile strength and Young's modulus at 77 K were higher than those at RT at the same composition, whereas the elongation at break and impact strength showed the opposite results. Finally, the differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) was enhanced by the addition of PES. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 612–624, 2008     

INFRARED MEASUREMENTS OF POSSIBLE IR FILTER MATERIALS

A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTS) was used to obtain the transmission spectra of candidate materials for use as infrared (IR) filters in cryogenic receivers. The data cover the range from 50 cm⁻¹ (∼1.5 THz), well below the peak of the 300 K black body spectrum, to 5000 cm⁻¹ (∼150 THz), Z-cut quartz, Goretex, Zitex G and Zitex A, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Teflon (PTFE), Fluorogold and Black Polyethylene were measured. The relative effectiveness of each material as a filter is determined by integrating the transmission spectrum multiplied by the Planck distribution to obtain a normalized attenuation for the mid-IR band. Measurements at both room temperature and 8 K are compared.     

Observation of upwelling radiation by SCRIBE

The SCRIBE (Stratospheric CRyogenic Interferometer Balloon Experiment) system was flown August 10, 1986, over eastern New Mexico. Because the SCRIBE sensor is a liquid nitrogen cooled interferometer, absolute radiance data were obtained with good resolution (0.1 cm^–1) and high sensitivity. The normal field of view was reduced to ~0.2° (80 m on the ground) by a 12' Dall-Kirkham telescope, and was steered by remote control using television cameras boresighted with the infrared sensor. The stabilized viewing allowed staring at selected features for considerable periods of time. The data sets thus include spectra of different terrain features, as well as substantially different atmospheric paths to one feature. Both the data and the SCRIBE equipment are described.     

异金属簇{LnCu3}低温磁制冷性能

基于对已报道Gd-Cu配合物的文献调研,发现一类{LnCu₃}簇合物(Ln=Gd(1), Tb(2), Dy(3)),其Cu^II离子被Gd^III离子有效分隔且分子内部仅拥有铁磁相互作用,因而对其进行了低温磁制冷性能研究。在已报道实验方法上加以改进,用一锅法制备出一系列异金属{LnCu₃}簇合物(Ln=Gd(1), Tb(2), Dy(3)),并运用元素分析、红外、单晶/粉末X-射线衍射等方法对其进行表征,以证明其同构性及相纯度。低温磁热效应的研究结果表明簇合物1-3在ΔH=0~7 T下的最大磁熵变值(-ΔS_m)分别为16.1(2 K), 6.9(5 K)和8.1(5 K)J·kg^-1·k^-1。簇合物1与已报道的Gd-Cu簇合物的磁熵变对比再次证明了弱铁磁相互作用在3d-4f分子磁制冷剂设计中起到重要的作用。     

高度计风速与辐射计风速的变分融合研究

为实现高度计风速与辐射计风速的融合, 采用Kriging插值方法将辐射计风速插值到高度计路径得到高度计风速观测算子, 建立高度计风速与辐射计风速融合的代价函数; 利用变分方法求解分析风速, 得出融合结果. 分别在仅高度计风速有误差、 仅辐射计风速有误差和两者都有误差的情况下开展了模拟试验, 结果表明变分融合结果更接近于理想风速, 尤其在高度计路径上更为明显. 选取Jason-1高度计第241周期风速资料和与其时空匹配的国防气象卫星计划 F17上所搭载的专用传感器微波成像仪辐射计风速资料开展了实例试验, 结果表明融合后的结果更加接近于浮标观测结果, 证实了变分融合方法的有效性. 经统计, 上述高度计和辐射计资料有60%时空匹配, 开展风速融合有重要的理论及应用价值. 该变分融合方法可应用于我国海洋二号卫星所载高度计与辐射计风速反演结果的融合. 关键词： 高度计 辐射计 风速 融合