Solubility of Solid 2,3-Dimethylbutane and Cyclopentane in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents

The solubilities of solid 2,3-dimethylbutane and cyclopentene in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. GC–MS was used to identify impurities in solutes. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid 2,3-dimethyl-butane in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (8.26 ± 1.60) × 10^–6 and (2.77 ± 0.94) × 10^–8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid cyclopentene in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (5.11 ± 0.44) × 10^–6 and (4.60 ± 0.76) × 10^–8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid hydrocarbons in liquid argon in the temperature range 84.0–110.0 K and in liquid nitrogen from 64.0 to 90.0 K. The solvent–solute interaction parameters l ₁₂ were also calculated. At 90.0 K liquid argon is a better solvent for investigated solid hydrocarbons than is liquid nitrogen.     

Solubility of Solid 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (Isoprene) in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents

The solubility of solid 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene) in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K has been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. GC–MS was used to identify impurities in the solute. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid isoprene in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (1.41 ± 0.27) × 10^–6 and (1.56 ± 0.36) × 10^–7 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid hydrocarbon in liquid argon in the temperature range 84.0–110.0 K and in liquid nitrogen from 64.0 to 90.0 K. The solvent–solute interaction parameters l ₁₂ were also calculated. At 90.0 K liquid argon is a better solvent for isoprene than is liquid nitrogen. The experimental values of the solubilities of isoprene in liquid argon and nitrogen were compared with results obtained for selected unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Highly Sensitive Upconverting Nanoplatform for Luminescent Thermometry from Ambient to Cryogenic Temperature

Precise assessment of temperature is crucial in many physical, technological, and biological applications where optical thermometry has attracted considerable attention primarily due to fast response, contactless measurement route, and electromagnetic passivity. Rare-earth-doped thermographic phosphors that rely on ratiometric sensing are very efficient near and above room temperature. However, being dependent on the thermally-assisted migration of carriers to higher excited states, they are largely limited by the quenching of the activation mechanism at low temperatures. In this paper, we demonstrate a strategy to pass through this bottleneck by designing a linear colorimetric thermometer by which we could estimate down to 4 K. The change in perceptual color fidelity metric provides an accurate measure for the sensitivity of the thermometer that attains a maximum value of 0.86 K⁻¹. Thermally coupled states in Er³⁺ are also used as a ratiometric sensor from room temperature to ∼140 K. The results obtained in this work clearly show that Yb³⁺−Er³⁺ co-doped NaGdF₄ microcrystals are a promising system that enables reliable bimodal thermometry in a very wide temperature range from ultralow (4 K) to ambient (290 K) conditions.     

Effect of temperature and volume on the tensile and adhesive properties of photocurable resins

Knowing the mechanical properties of UV‐curable resins at cryogenic conditions is important to ongoing fusion‐energy research and to emerging aerospace applications. The tensile and interfacial shear strengths of two commercially available UV‐curable resins were measured at room‐temperature and cryogenic conditions for both bulk and reduced (subnanoliter) specimen volumes. The tensile properties of cured specimens are remarkably sensitive to both testing temperature and specimen size. For one type of resin, the cold (?150 °C) tensile strength of subnanoliter specimens is ～9× larger (179 ± 19 MPa) than bulk values at room temperature. The interfacial shear strength between SiC fibers and small volumes of resin volumes is comparable to the bulk, room‐temperature tensile strength, but it varies over a wide range at ?150 °C (15–53 MPa). All resins were fully cured, and an analysis of fractured surfaces revealed microstructural features. The enhanced strength in microscopic specimens may be related to inhomogeneous stress fields that develop during cure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 936–945     

Submillimeter-wave heterodyne spectroscopy with a compact solid state radiometer

A compact, solid state submillimeter-wave heterodyne radiometer has been developed and was used to measure spectral characteristics of a water vapor jet in a space simulation chamber. Features of the 557 GHz water vapor line profile were observed in significantly greater detail than in previous experiments through an increased sensitivity and improved frequency resolution (600 kHz). The local oscillator of the radiometer consisted of a frequency multiplication chain which was driven by an InP Gunn oscillator at 92.6 GHz, and which contained a frequency tripler and harmonic mixer in cascade. The front end of the receiver had a noise temperature of 4500 K (DSB) at 555 GHz, consumed 3 W and weighed 3 kg. This advance in technology is particularly relevant to submillimeter-wave radiometry from a space-based platform.     

基于低温物理效应的新型超高精度陀螺仪研究综述

综述了基于低温玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚状态新物理效应的量子陀螺和超流体陀螺的研究动态。对两类新原理陀螺所使用的物理效应、工作原理、技术现状等方面进行了阐述。量子陀螺依据物质波的Sagnac效应测量角速率,具有比光学陀螺高若干数量级的测量精度;基于超流体低粘性和量子涡旋特性的超流体陀螺,原理上有望达到超高精度。最后分析了两类陀螺的发展前景。     

ICF低温冷冻靶制备技术进展

综述了激光惯性约束聚变研究中的低温冷冻靶的各种制备方法, 提出了在我国高功率激光装置上进行冷冻靶实验的制靶技术路线。     

Focused cryogenic trapping for dynamic headspace and pyrolytic analysis of polymers on a fused silica capillary column

Focused cryogenic trapping has been used to maximize the high resolution capabilities of fused silica capillary columns during dynamic headspace and pyrolytic polymer analyses. Mass spectrometric detection with data system recording/processing provide sensitive, selective, and rapid results. The techniques described herein demonstrate the power of both dynamic headspace and pyrolytic analyses for troubleshooting applications with complex industrial polymer products.