Quantum energy inequalities and local covariance II: categorical formulation

We formulate quantum energy inequalities (QEIs) in the framework of locally covariant quantum field theory developed by Brunetti, Fredenhagen and Verch, which is based on notions taken from category theory. This leads to a new viewpoint on the QEIs, and also to the identification of a new structural property of locally covariant quantum field theory, which we call local physical equivalence. Covariant formulations of the numerical range and spectrum of locally covariant fields are given and investigated, and a new algebra of fields is identified, in which fields are treated independently of their realisation on particular spacetimes and manifestly covariant versions of the functional calculus may be formulated.     

Fractional Laplacian in conformal geometry

In this note, we study the connection between the fractional Laplacian operator that appeared in the recent work of Caffarelli and Silvestre and a class of conformally covariant operators in conformal geometry.     

关于l／η（1440）的结构分析

本文通过对Ｊ／ψ辐射衰变到Ｋ＋Ｋ－πＯ和终态中ｉｏｔａ能区的振幅分析，发现ｉｏｔａ峰下有一个０－＋共振态（Ｍ＝１４６７±３ＭｅＶ，＝８９±６ＭｅＶ）和两个１＋＋共振态（Ｍ＝１４３５±３ＭｅＶ，＝５９±５ＭｅＶ；Ｍ＝１４９７±２ＭｅＶ，＝４４±７ＭｅＶ），分别对应于η（１４４０），ｆ１（１４２０）和ｆ１（１５１０）．     

Pairs of II1 factors

A class of objects—that are best described as being actions ofgroup-like objects of von Neumann algebras—is axiomatised and it is shown that there exists a bijective correspondence between isomorphism classes of suchcovariant systems and isomorphism classes of pairs of II₁ factors (M, N) satisfyingN⊂M, [M:N]<∞ andM∮N′=C.     

Topological Five-Dimensional Chern–Simons Gravity Theory in the Canonical Covariant Formalism

The canonical covariant formalism (CCF) of the topological five-dimensional Chern–Simons gravity is constructed. Because this gravity model naturally contains a Gauss–Bonnet term, the extended CCF valid for higher curvature gravity must be used. In this framework, the primary constraint and the total Hamiltonian are found. By using the equations of the CCF, it is shown that the bosonic five-form which defines the total Hamiltonian is a first-class dynamical quantity strongly conserved. In this context the equations of motion are also analyzed. To determine the effective interactions of the model, the toroidal dimensional reduction of the five-dimensional Chern–Simons gravity is carried out. Finally the first-order CCF and the usual canonical vierbein formalism (CVF) are related and the Hamiltonian as generator of time evolution is constructed in terms of the first-class constraints of the coupled system.     

Kinetic Theory of Quantum Electrodynamic Plasma in a Strong Electromagnetic Field: II. The Covariant Mean-Field Approximation

A covariant kinetic equation for the matrix Wigner function is derived in the mean-field approximation from a general kinetic equation for the fermionic subsystem of a quantum electrodynamic plasma. We show that in the semiclassical limit, the equations for the components of the Wigner function can be transformed into closed kinetic equations for the Lorentz-invariant distribution functions of particles and antiparticles.     

傅里叶思想的精髓及其伟大之处

介绍了傅里叶级数和傅里叶变换的基本思想,从哲学、物理学和数学的角度阐述了其深刻涵义和伟大之处.指出了傅里叶的思想和牛顿-莱布尼茨的思想的不同之处.导出了四维协变的傅里叶变换公式.简要介绍了傅里叶级数和变换在物理学中的应用.     

Influence of Chiral Mean Field on Kaon In-plane Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions

The influence of the chiral mean field on the K⁺ in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the in-medium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the K⁺ in-plane flow. The calculated results show that the new FOPI data can be reasonably described using the Brown & Rho parametrization, which partly takes into account the correction of higher order contributions in the chiral expansion. This indicates that one can abstract the information on the kaon potential in a nuclear medium from the analysis of the K⁺ in-plane flow.     

Development of the Evans Wave Equation in the Weak-Field Limit: The Electrogravitic Equation

The Evans wave equation [1-3] is developed in the weak-field limit to give the Poisson equation and an electrogravitic equation expressing the electric field strength E in terms of the acceleration g due to gravity and a fundamental scalar potential ⁽⁰⁾ with the units of volts (joules per coulomb). The electrogravitic equation shows that an electric field strength can be obtained from the acceleration due to gravity, which in general relativity is non-Euclidean spacetime. Therefore an electric field strength can be obtained, in theory, from scalar curvature R. This inference is supported by recent experimental data from the patented motionless electromagnetic generator [5].