An <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">in silico</Emphasis> approach for screening flavonoids as P-glycoprotein inhibitors based on a Bayesian-regularized neural network

Summary P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, functions as a biological barrier by extruding cytotoxic agents out of cells, resulting in an obstacle in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In order to aid in the development of potential P-gp inhibitors, we constructed a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model of flavonoids as P-gp inhibitors based on Bayesian-regularized neural network (BRNN). A dataset of 57 flavonoids collected from a literature binding to the C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain of mouse P-gp was compiled. The predictive ability of the model was assessed using a test set that was independent of the training set, which showed a standard error of prediction of 0.146 ± 0.006 (data scaled from 0 to 1). Meanwhile, two other mathematical tools, back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and partial least squares (PLS) were also attempted to build QSAR models. The BRNN provided slightly better results for the test set compared to BPNN, but the difference was not significant according to F-statistic at p = 0.05. The PLS failed to build a reliable model in the present study. Our study indicates that the BRNN-based in silico model has good potential in facilitating the prediction of P-gp flavonoid inhibitors and might be applied in further drug design.     

Ion-exchange selectivity of a network calixarene-containing polymer obtained by the template synthesis on Na<Superscript>+</Superscript>, K<Superscript>+</Superscript>, and Ba<Superscript>2+</Superscript> matrices

The ion-exchange equilibrium in network polymers obtained from cis-2,8,14,20-tetraphenyl-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxycalix[4]arene by template synthesis on cations Na⁺, K⁺, and Ba²⁺ as matrices was studied. The selectivity coefficients of ion exchanges Ba²⁺-H⁺, Na⁺-H⁺, K⁺-H⁺, Na⁺-K⁺, and Na⁺-NH₄ ⁺ were determined. The template synthesis enhanced the affinity of the polymers to matrix-forming cations by 6–8 kJ mol⁻¹. __________ Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1919–1922, August, 2005.     

An implicit function theorem: Comment

In Ref. 1, Jittorntrum proposed an implicit function theorem for a continuous mappingF:R ⁿ ×R ^m R ⁿ, withF(x ⁰,y ⁰)=0, that requires neither differentiability ofF nor nonsingularity of _x F(x ⁰,y ⁰). In the proof, the local one-to-one condition forF(·,y):A R ⁿ R ⁿ for ally B is consciously or unconsciously treated as implying thatF(·,y) mapsA one-to-one ontoF(A, y) for ally B, and the proof is not perfect. A proof can be given directly, and the theorem is shown to be the strongest, in the sense that the condition is truly if and only if.     

超分子三维氢键网络：{[Cu(phen)3](SO4)(H3PCA)2(8H2O)}的晶体结构

A new complex， {[Cu(phen)₃](SO₄)(H₃PCA)₂(8H₂O)}， was synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The complex is composed of copper cations， sulfate anions， 1，10-phenanthroline， protocatechuic acid and lattice water molecules. The structure of H₃PCA， SO₄^2- and waters comprises packing of anionic three-dimensional network by hydrogen bonds with cavities. The complex can be considered as a model of host/guest supramolecule. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network is the host species. The Cu(phen)₃²⁺ cations， guest species， occupied the cavities of the host. And the results demonstrate that the form of protocatechuic acid at pH< 1 should be free ligand. CCDC： 191733.     

Immobilization of α-amylase in vinyl-polymer-based interpenetrating polymer networks

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylamide were prepared as a support for enzyme immobilization and kinetic studies were performed for the immobilization of -amylase. The effect of IPN composition on the extent of immobilization was investigated and the percentage of relative activity of the immobilized enzyme was evaluated as a function of the chemical architecture of the IPNs, pH and temperature, taking starch as a substrate. The kinetic constants and the maximum reaction velocity were also evaluated. The IPNs were characterized by IR spectral analysis.     

从溶胀平衡研究玻璃态高聚物的凝聚缠结网络

在13~15℃室温条件下对聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒在二氧六环/水混合溶剂中的溶胀情况进行目视观察,可以看到,当减小混合溶剂二氧六环/水中的水含量时,PS颗粒从玻璃态到溶胀的玻璃态、溶胀的高弹态、流体态的转变,与PS颗粒升温时从玻璃态到高弹态、流体态的转变相对应.选定混合溶剂二氧六环/水(水6·8wt%)对一个单分散PS试样(Mw=1·68×105)在30℃进行分相平衡和溶胀平衡的测定.分相平衡是先将PS/二氧六环/水(混合溶剂水含量6·8wt%)体系加热到130℃使PS溶解成一均相溶液,然后在冷却过程中分相,在30℃达分相平衡(30天)时,浓相高分子体积浓度p″=0·304,稀相几乎为纯溶剂.从Flory-Huggins相平衡理论得出此体系的高分子-溶剂相互作用参数χ=0·63.本工作使用的单分散PS试样在选定的混合溶剂,即二氧六环/水(水6·8wt%)中,30℃时不能溶解只能溶胀,单分散PS颗粒淬冷试样(密度ρp=1·0451g/mL)到达溶胀平衡(80天)时浓相高分子体积浓度p″=0·308.而此淬冷试样经在80℃热处理100h后的老化试样(ρp=1·0470g/mL)达溶胀平衡(70天)时p″=0·312.从溶胀过程中浓相体积变化曲线可知试样经在80℃热处理过程中凝聚网络趋向于更均一,更接近热处理温度下的平衡态,试样密度增大,网络产生了新的链间凝聚,物理交联密度增大(凝聚点间分子量减小).从溶胀平衡理论并取χ=0·63(分相平衡)可得到淬冷试样的物理交联点间分子量Mc=11·6×104,老化试样的物理交联点间分子量Mc=6·9×104.实验结果说明溶胀过程及溶胀平衡的测定可以反映玻璃态高聚物中的凝聚网络结构的细节,而且非常敏感.     

{[Cu4(nip)4(4，4′-bipy)4(DMF)4]·CH3OH}n配合物的合成与晶体结构

A coordination polymer, {[Cu₄(nip)₄(4，4′-bipy)₄(DMF)₄]·CH₃OH}_n, have been synthesized by the layer method using 5-nitroisophthalic acid (H₂nip), Cu(CH₃COOH)₂ and 4,4′-bipyridine(4,4′-bipy) with three solutions in a marrow tube and structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis. The results indicated that the nip ligand has a μ₂ mono-atomic bridging-monodentate coordination mode and the structure is a two-dimensional network. CCDC: 623420.     

A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF POLY（DIVINYLBENZENE-co-ACRYLIC ACID） IN CROSSLINKING PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION

Divinylbenzene-80 （DVB-80） and polar monomer acrylic acid （AA） having hydrogen bonding at a total monomer loading of 5 vol% were precipitated-copolymerized in a variety of organic solvents with 2,2＇-azobis（isobutyronitrile） （AIBN） as initiator. The experiments were investigated from a two-dimensional matrix, i.e., the actual crosslinking degree of DVB varying from 0 to 80% and the solvent composition varying from 0 to 100% of toluene mixture with acetonitrile, when the mixture of acetonitrile and toluene was used as the reaction solvent. Under various reaction conditions, six distinct morphologies including soluble polymers, swellable microgels, coagulum, irregular microparticles, and nano-/micrometer microspheres were formed and the structures of these polymer architectures were described. A morphological map was utilized to discuss the effects of both crosslinking degree of DVB and composition of solvent on the transitions between morphology domains. The results demonstrated that the microspheres are formed by an internal contraction due to the marginal solvency of the continuous phase and the crosslinking of the polymer network through the covalent bonding from DVB as well as the interchain hydrogen-bonding between the carboxylic acid units.     

关于Aa-Bb型缩聚物网络结构的研究——溶胶凝胶分配理论

溶胶凝胶分配理论是在分子水平上表征交联网络结构的有效工具。由Flory等建立和发展起来的这一理论,由于引用了溶胶相无分子内环化反应的假定,特别是在理论推导中将分子内交联反应与分子间的链增长反应对两相分配的贡献未能加以区别,致使理论与实验不符。本文充分考虑了经典理论的这些缺欠,建立了更为符合客观实际的理论模型。同时,用十分简便的方法推导了反应溶胶分数,溶胶反应程度,分子内和分子间总反应程度等量宏观联系的参数方程组。以聚酯为模型化合物的实验研究与本文所得理论结果基本相符。     

The existence of sensitive optimal policies in two multi-dimensional queueing models

Recently Dekker and Hordijk [3,4] introduced conditions for the existence of deterministic Blackwell optimal policies in denumerable Markov decision chains with unbounded rewards. These conditions include- uniform geometric recurrence.The-uniform geometric recurrence property also implies the existence of average optimal policies, a solution to the average optimality equation with explicit formula's and convergence of the value iteration algorithm for average rewards. For this reason, the verification of-uniform geometric convergence is also useful in cases where average and-discounted rewards are considered.On the other hand,-uniform geometric recurrence is a heavy condition on the Markov decision chain structure for negative dynamic programming problems. The verification of-uniform geometric recurrence for the Markov chain induced by some deterministic policy together with results by Sennott [14] yields the existence of a deterministic policy that minimizes the expected average cost for non-negative immediate cost functions.In this paper-uniform geometric recurrence will be proved for two queueing models: theK competing queues and the two centre open Jackson network with control of the service rates.The research of the author is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research N.W.O.