Characterisation of a three-dimensional Brownian motor in optical lattices

We present here a detailed study of the behaviour of a three dimensional Brownian motor based on cold atoms in a double optical lattice [P. Sj?lund et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 190602 (2006)]. This includes both experiments and numerical simulations of a Brownian particle. The potentials used are spatially and temporally symmetric, but combined spatiotemporal symmetry is broken by phase shifts and asymmetric transfer rates between potentials. The diffusion of atoms in the optical lattices is rectified and controlled both in direction and speed along three dimensions. We explore a large range of experimental parameters, where irradiances and detunings of the optical lattice lights are varied within the dissipative regime. Induced drift velocities in the order of one atomic recoil velocity have been achieved.     

Preparing a laser cooled plasma for stopping highly charged ions

We present a new cooling scheme for the preparation of highly charged ions for future in-trap precision experiments. A plasma of laser cooled ²⁴Mg⁺ ions trapped in a 3D harmonic confinement potential is used as a stopping medium for the highly charged ions. We focus on the dynamic evolution of the plasma, determining suitable cooling conditions for fast recooling of the ²⁴Mg⁺ ions. The results of a realistic parallel simulation of the complete stopping process presented here indicate that a small, constant detuning of the laser frequency is sufficient for subsequent recooling of the plasma, thus maintaining the stability of the plasma.     

Long-range perturbations produced by a localized packet of ion-acoustic waves in a collisionless plasma

We demonstrate the in situ detection of cold ⁸⁷Rb atoms near a dielectric surface using the absorption of a weak, resonant evanescent wave. We have used this technique in time of flight experiments determining the density of atoms falling on the surface. A quantitative understanding of the measured curve was obtained using a detailed calculation of the evanescent intensity distribution. We have also used it to detect atoms trapped near the surface in a standing-wave optical dipole potential. This trap was loaded by inelastic bouncing on a strong, repulsive evanescent potential. We estimate that we trap 1.5×10⁴ atoms at a density 100 times higher than the falling atoms. Received 14 May 2002 Published online 8 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: spreeuw@science.uva.nl     

Evaluation of adsorbent materials for heat pump and thermal energy storage applications in open systems

The evaluation of solid adsorbents in open sorption systems for heating, cooling and thermal energy storage (TES) applications is crucial for the ecological and economical performance of these systems. An appropriate adsorbent has to reach the temperature limit given by the heating/cooling system of the consumer. It has to provide high energy efficiency and a high energy density for storage applications. A method for an easy evaluation of different adsorbents for a specific application has been developed. The method is based on the adsorption equilibrium of the adsorbent and water vapor. The crucial property for the discussed field of applications is the differential heat of adsorption. Criteria for the evaluation of the adsorbent are the breakthrough curves (responsible for the dynamics of the process), the possible temperature lift (or the dehumidification) of the air, the thermal COP and the storage capacity.     

塑料挤出吹塑的机理问题

挤出吹塑过程由型坯成型，型坯吹胀与制品冷却三个阶段构成。采用不同的方法对该三阶段的机理问题进行了研究。采用神经网络方法预测了受模口温度和挤出流率影响的型坯成型阶段的膨胀，利用建立起来的神经网络模型预示的膨胀与实验结果很吻合，且可在一定范围内，预示不同工艺条件下型坯的直径膨胀和壁厚膨胀。为型坯的直径和壁厚的在线控制提供了理论依据。基于薄膜近似和noe-Hookean本构关系。建立了描述型坯自由吹胀的数学模型，并通过实验方法获得了型坯吹胀的瞬态图象，比较发现，理论预示的型坯轮廊分布与实验观察结果较吻合，该模型还可预示型坯的自由吹胀对材料性能，型坯尺寸和工艺条件等的依赖性，基于ANSYS有限元软件，对吹塑制品的三维冷却进行了模拟，预示了制品厚度方向任一位置的瞬态温度分布，并可预示成型工艺参数，制品壁厚，塑料与模具材料的热性能以及吹塑模具冷却的强度与时间等对吹塑制品冷却的影响，这可为进一步分析吹塑制品的显微结构和性能提供温度数据。     

单分子—光子制冷泵

在分子尺度上研究了反散托克斯荧光制冷的微观机制,首次提出“单分子－光子泵（ＳＭＰＣ）”概念。阐述了单个分子就可以制冷的观点,提出了在特定的下,单个分子可成为一台最小制冷机。通过分析该“单分子－光子泵”制冷的工作原理,论述了它的工作过程和特点,最后讨论了影响“单分子－光子泵”制冷效率的关键条件。     

基于BP神经网络的V9-Cr4-Mo3高速钢冷轧辊磨损模型

利用自制轧辊模拟磨损试验机测试了6种不同碳含量的V9Cr4Mo3高速钢轧辊的磨损性能,利用BP神经网络建立了磨损量与碳含量和磨损时间的非线性关系模型．结果表明：良好训练的BP网络模型可以有效预测不同碳含量的V9Cr4Mo3高速钢轧辊的磨损性能．结果表明：碳含量约为2．58％时,高速钢基体组织主要为高硬度和高韧性的板条马氏体,可以有效抵御轧制过程中的疲劳和显微切削,耐磨性最佳;当碳含量过低时,高速钢基体为低硬度的铁素体,显微切削为轧辊的主要磨损机制,而碳含量过高时,其基体主要为韧性较差的片状马氏体,轧辊以疲劳磨损为主,二者均导致轧辊耐磨性下降．     

计算导热系数的新公式

在传统的一维传热模型下导热系数的计算公式误差较大.本文通过建立试样内部的三维传热模型,更为科学地考虑了侧壁散热的影响,推导出了计算导热系数的新公式.以橡胶为研究材料进行实验,证明了新公式的合理性.引入影响因子P来衡量侧壁散热对系统的影响程度,分析得到P值随着试样厚度增加而增大.     

The diminishment of specific heat and surface tension of coolant droplet in a dropwise evaporation process: A novel methodology to enhance the heat transfer rate

The rate of dropwise evaporation is significantly altered by additives, such as benzene, n-hexane and acetone in water. These additives change some of the thermal and physical properties of the coolants, which have significant impact on various parameters that controls the droplet evaporative cooling, such as sensible, heat extraction period, droplet momentum and contact area. The open literature does not reveal the effects of the aforesaid additives on the dropwise evaporation. Therefore, in the current work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effects of above-mentioned additives on dropwise evaporation rate and reveal the mechanism involved. The droplet evaporative cooling experiments are conducted on a 2 mm thick AISI 304 steel plate (10 × 10 mm). The result shows that with increment in benzene and n-hexane concentration in water, the evaporation time significantly reduces. This is attributed to the decreasing surface tension, specific heat and contact angle. However, in case of acetone, the reduction in evaporation time is achieved only up to a concentration of 300 ppm, beyond which the evaporation time increases. This is because of the significant consumption of time in recoiling of the droplet. In addition to the above, the mechanism for the aforesaid enhancement process is tried to reveal by developing the models. For the validation of the developed equations, experimental results are compared with the numerically computed data. The comparison discloses that the developed model is quite accurate and shows insignificant variation from the experimental results. R² and RMSE are also calculated for both the developed models and based on minimum recommended RMSE; the best model is also suggested.