Value function and optimality conditions for semilinear control problems

This paper is concerned with optimal control problems of Mayer and Bolza type for systems governed by a semilinear state equationx(t)=Ax(t) + f(t, x(t), u(t)), u(t) U, whereA is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup in a Banach spaceX. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality and then use these conditions to investigate properties of the value function related to superdifferentials. Conversely, we use the value function to obtain criteria for optimality and feedback systems.Work (partially) supported by the Research Project Equazioni di evoluzione e applicazioni fisicomatematiche (M.U.R.S.T.-Italy).     

Miscibility and phase separation in SAN/PMMA blends investigated by positron lifetime measurements

Miscibility and phase separation in SAN/PMMA blends have been investigated using DSC, IR spectroscopy and positron lifetime spectroscopy (PLS). Single broad glass transition observed throughout the blend compositions, may be due to overlap of two glass transitions. IR measurements clearly indicate the absence of strong interactions. This supports miscibility is due to intramolecular repulsive forces in the SAN component. On the other hand, free volume data show negative deviation from linear additivity indicating the blends are miscible. The interchain interaction parameter β exhibits a complex behavior and the extent of miscibility is not revealed. Following Wolf’s treatment, we have evaluated the geometry factor γ and hydrodynamic interaction parameter α and found α is a suitable parameter in predicting the miscibility window. The cloud points in SAN/PMMA blends increase with decreasing PMMA content. The change in free volume size correlates well with the observed change in cloud point.     

Evaluation of the surface tension measurement of axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) using a shape parameter

A quantitative criterion called “shape parameter” to evaluate the quality of surface tension measurement of Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA) is presented. ADSA is a powerful technique for the measurement of interfacial tensions and contact angles of pendant drops, sessile drops, and bubbles. Despite the general success of ADSA, deficient results may be obtained for drops close to spherical shape. Therefore, the “shape parameter” was used to determine the range of drop shapes in which ADSA succeeds or fails. The “shape parameter” is a dimensionless parameter that expresses quantitatively the difference in shape between a given experimental profile and an inscribed circle. The surface tension measurements of ADSA were evaluated for both pendant drop and constrained sessile drop configurations using the shape parameter. Different shapes of the pendant drop were studied using different sizes and materials of holders. For each drop configuration, a “critical shape parameter” was defined based on the minimum value of the shape parameter that guarantees an error of less than ±0.1 mJ/m². Furthermore, the effects of the type of liquid and constellation on the “critical shape parameter” were studied.     

Thermal analysis study of Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ca<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>3-x</Subscript>Er<Subscript>x</Subscript>O<Subscript>10+δ</Subscript> glass-ceramic system

Summary We have fabricated glasses in the Bi-2223 HT_c superconductor system with Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu_3-xEr_xO_{10+ δ} nominal composition, where x=0.5 and 1.0, by the glass-ceramic technique. Using an analysis developed for non-isothermal crystallization studies, information on some aspects of crystallization temperature and thermal properties has been obtained. The crystallization studies were made using DTA with several uniform rates. The calculations of crystallization activation energies, E_a, and the Avrami parameters, n, were made based on the non-isothermal kinetic theory of Kissinger and the Ozawa’s equations. The DTA data of the samples showed that the first crystallization temperature, T_x1, increases and the second crystallization temperature, T_x2, decreases by increasing the Er concentration. This suggests that the Er substitution had significant effect on the glassification of the BSCCO material due to change on the surface nucleation and increased ionic activities at high temperature region. The activation energy for crystallization, E_a, of the samples was also showed an increase at high Er concentration case. However, the Avrami parameter, n, decreased from 2.5 to 1.7 for x=0.5 and 1.0 samples, respectively. This suggests that the growth mechanism is diffusion-controlled and three-dimensional parabolic growth takes place near the first crystallization temperature. The oxidization rates and the activation barrier for oxygen out-diffusion process, E, was calculated using the TG data. It was found that the total mass gain in the x=0.5 sample is comparably smaller than that of the x=1.0 sample. This shows that the oxygen absorption of the x=1.0 sample is faster than the x=0.5 sample, leading to increase in the oxidization rate in the x=1.0 material.     

Phase Transitions Induced by Top-Priority of Randomization

We study the characteristics of phase transition to take the top-priority of randomization in the rules of NaSch model (i.e.noise-first model) into account via computing the relaxation time and the order parameter.The scaling exponents of the relaxation time and the scaling relation of order parameter,respectively,axe obtained.     

套管磨损三维表面形貌恢复及其机理分析

在DCWT-1000型套管摩擦磨损试验机上进行了套管摩擦磨损试验,研究深井、超深井中"冲击-滑动"复合磨损对套管磨损行为的影响,采用三维表面形貌测试仪、光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察分析了在不同载荷条件下套管磨损表面的微观结构和表面形貌,在此基础上对套管磨损表面进行了三维恢复并计算套管磨损表面的主要形貌参数,探讨了套管磨损表面的磨损机理.结果表明:套管的磨损性能与载荷有关;在不同载荷条件下,套管磨损表面的三维形貌具有不同特点,且主要的表面形貌参数与载荷呈现出较好的相关性,证明了三维形貌分析方法能够真实反映套管磨损表面的情况;当冲击载荷和频率不大时,套管的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,兼有粘着磨损,随着冲击载荷和频率增加,套管磨损表面出现明显粘着剥落和疲劳剥落迹象,并出现疲劳裂纹扩展和连通,套管的磨损机制向粘着磨损和疲劳磨损转化,磨损趋向严重.     

d2,8电子体系共价效应对光谱的影响

在含过渡金属离子的半磁半导体的光学和磁学性质研究中,由于体系的共价性较强,d轨道不再是纯d轨道,而是混合轨道t2g或eg。相应地,需要引入两个共价因子Nt和Ne。建立在混合轨道上的含有共价因子的能量矩阵称为广义能量矩阵。建立了d2,8电子体系的(45×45)阶广义能量矩阵。在广义能量矩阵中,拉卡(Racah)参量A不再是相加常量,同时,d8电子体系不能简单地视为互补的d2空穴体系,因为它们的能量矩阵形式不同。Nt和Ne虽然是属于两个不同轨道的不同的共价因子,但在数值上不能有大的差别,因为考虑进共价效应后,拉卡静电参量A对能级计算有极大的影响。这意味着在通常的光谱拟合中所采用的BCΔ方案是好的近似。以上结论被应用于ZnS∶Ni2 的d-d跃迁谱,计算结果与实验符合。     

免疫算法在双闭环直流调速系统中的应用

文中对双闭环直流调速系统控制器的选择进行了分析,并借鉴免疫算法强大的寻优能力,提出了基于免疫算法的调速系统控制器参数整定方法.为了分析比较,实际应用中采用了三种控制器参数整定方法,比较结果说明,免疫算法在调速系统控制器参数整定中的应用是更加有效的.通过在单晶炉拉晶过程的应用,证明该方法可行性和正确性.     

Molecular Simulation to Explore the Dissolution Behavior of Sulfur in Carbon Disulfide

Soluble sulfur (S₈) and insoluble sulfur (IS) have different application fields, and molecular dynamics simulation can reveal their differences in solubility in solvents. It is found that in the simulated carbon disulfide (CS₂) solvent, soluble sulfur in the form of clusters mainly promotes the dissolution of clusters through van der Waals interaction between solvent molecules (CS₂) and S₈, and the solubility gradually increases with the increase in temperature. However, the strong interaction between polymer chains of insoluble sulfur in the form of polymer hinders the diffusion of IS into CS₂ solvent, which is not conducive to high-temperature dissolution. The simulated solubility parameter shows that the solubility parameter of soluble sulfur is closer to that of the solvent, which is consistent with the above explanation that soluble sulfur is easy to dissolve.     

螺旋压缩弹簧应力松弛特性试验分析及其应用

本文通过应力松弛试验、理论推导及数值模拟研究了高温下螺旋压缩弹簧的应力松弛规律,并利用加速模型对工况下弹簧应力松弛服役寿命做出预测.首先,根据螺旋压缩弹簧的结构特点搭建了弹簧应力松弛连续动态测试装置,该装置不仅避免了传统测试方法存在的缺陷,而且能够保证试验过程中位移载荷恒定,并实时监测载荷变化.本文以某飞机舱门单锁机构...