Kr和Kr2的实验和理论研究

利用超声分子束技术、同步辐射和反射式飞行时间质谱仪得到了Kr和Kr2的光电离质谱和光电离效率谱, 确定了Kr和Kr2的电离能. 利用Gaussian-03程序中的MP2(Full)/6-31G*, QCISD/cc-pVTZ以及B3LYP/6-31G方法优化了Kr2的结构, 计算了它们的振动频率和电离能, 计算结果显示: 当采用相同的理论水平和基组时, 随着Kr同位素质荷比(m/z)的增大, 它们结构和电离能保持不变, 而振动频率逐渐变小. 与此同时, 用G2方法计算了Kr (84)和Kr2 (168)的电离能, 它们的电离能的理论值与实验结果符合得比较好.     

Study on the atmospheric photochemical reaction of CF3 radicals using ultraviolet photoelectron and photoionization mass spectrometer

A study of the atmospheric photochemical reaction of CF₃ radical with CO and O₂ was performed by using a homemade ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer-photoionization mass spectrometer (PES-PIMS). The electronic structures and mechanism of ionization and dissociation of CF₃OC(O)OOC(O)-OCF₃ were investigated. It was indicated that the two bands on the photoelectron spectrum of CF₃OC(O)OOC(O)OCF₃ are the result of ionization of an electron from a lone pair of oxygen and a fluorine lone pair of CF₃ group. The outermost electrons reside in the oxygen lone pair. The experimental and theoretical first vertical ionization energy is 13.21 and 13.178 eV, respectively, with the PES and OVGF method. They are in good agreement. The photo ionization and dissociation processes were discussed with the help of theoretical calculations and PES-PIMS experiment. After ionization, the parent ions prefer the dissociation of the C—O bond and giving the fragments CF₃OCO⁺ and CF₃⁺. It demonstrated that the ultraviolet photoelectron and photoionization mass spectrometer could be applied widely in the study of atmospheric photochemical reaction. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-205), Hundred Talents Fund, 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006CB403701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20577052, 20673123)     

Dissociative Photoionization of m-Xylene

The photoionization and dissociative photoionization of m-xylene (C₈H₁₀) were researched by using synchrotron radiation vacuum ultraviolet (SR-VUV) and supersonic expanding molecular beam reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RFTOF-MS) system. The photoionization efficiency spectra (PIEs) of parent ion C₈H₁₀⁺ and main fragment ions C₈H₉⁺ and C₇H₇⁺ were observed, and the ionization energy (IE) of m-xylene and appearance energies (AEs) of main fragment ions C₈H₉⁺ and C₇H₇⁺ were determined to be 8.60 ± 0.03 eV, 11.76 ± 0.04 eV and 11.85 ± 0.05 eV, respectively. Structures of reactant, transition states (TSs), intermediates (INTs), and products involved in two dominant dissociation channels were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level, and the relative energies were calculated at the G3 level. Based on the results, two major dissociative photoionization channels, C₇H₇⁺+CH₃ and C₈H₉⁺+H were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. On the basis of theoretical and experimental results, the dissociative photoionization mechanisms of m-xylene were proposed. The C–H or C–C bond dissociation and hydrogen migration are the main processes in the dissociation channels of m-xylene cation.

     

石油芳烃组分中未知化合物——三叔丁基苯基磷酸酯的高分辨质谱分析

将大气压光电离(APPI)、电喷雾(ESI)、实时直接分析(DART)多种电离源和傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)联用对石油芳烃样品中的未知化合物进行研究。通过高分辨质谱的精确质量,结合碰撞诱导解离(CAD)技术,经分析并与文献标准物质谱图比对,推断未知物为三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)磷酸酯(TDTBPP),并研究了其在不同大气压电离源中的电离特性。APPI谱图中主要为[M+H]~+峰,同时存在M.~+峰。ESI谱图中主要为[M+Na]~+(不加甲酸)或[M+NH4]~+峰(加甲酸)。DART谱图中主要为[M+NH4]~+峰,而EI谱图中基峰为m/z 57(叔丁基),次强峰为[M-CH3]~+峰。     

Optimization of complex slater‐type functions with analytic derivative methods for describing photoionization differential cross sections

The complex basis function (CBF) method applied to various atomic and molecular photoionization problems can be interpreted as an method to solve the driven‐type (inhomogeneous) Schrödinger equation, whose driven term being dipole operator times the initial state wave function. However, efficient basis functions for representing the solution have not fully been studied. Moreover, the relation between their solution and that of the ordinary Schrödinger equation has been unclear. For these reasons, most previous applications have been limited to total cross sections. To examine the applicability of the CBF method to differential cross sections and asymmetry parameters, we show that the complex valued solution to the driven‐type Schrödinger equation can be variationally obtained by optimizing the complex trial functions for the frequency dependent polarizability. In the test calculations made for the hydrogen photoionization problem with five or six complex Slater‐type orbitals (cSTOs), their complex valued expansion coefficients and the orbital exponents have been optimized with the analytic derivative method. Both the real and imaginary parts of the solution have been obtained accurately in a wide region covering typical molecular regions. Their phase shifts and asymmetry parameters are successfully obtained by extrapolating the CBF solution from the inner matching region to the asymptotic region using WKB method. The distribution of the optimized orbital exponents in the complex plane is explained based on the close connection between the CBF method and the driven‐type equation method. The obtained information is essential to constructing the appropriate basis sets in future molecular applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Dissociative Photoionization of 1,4-Dioxane with Tunable VUV Synchrotron Radiation

The photoionization and photodissociation of 1,4-dioxane have been investigated with a reflectron time-of-flight photoionization mass spectrometry and a tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation in the energy region of 8.0-15.5 eV. Parent ion and fragment ions at m/z 88, 87, 58, 57, 45, 44, 43, 41, 31, 30, 29, 28 and 15 are detected under supersonic conditions. The ionization energy of DX as well as the appearance energies of its fragment ions C₄H₇O₂⁺, C₃H₆O⁺, C₃H₅O⁺, C₂H₅O⁺, C₂H₄O⁺, C₂H₃O⁺, C₃H₅⁺, CH₃O⁺, C₂H₆⁺, C₂H₅⁺/CHO⁺, C₂H₄⁺ and CH₃⁺ was determined from their photoionization efficiency curves. The optimized structures for the neutrals, cations, transition states and intermediates related to photodissociation of DX are characterized at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level and their energies are obtained by G3B3 method. Possible dissociative channels of the DX are proposed based on comparison of experimental AE values and theoretical predicted ones. Intramolecular hydrogen migrations are found to be the dominant processes in most of the fragmentation pathways of 1,4-dioxane.     

Gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (GC-API-MS): Review

Although the coupling of GC/MS with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) has been reported in 1970s, the interest in coupling GC with atmospheric pressure ion source was expanded in the last decade. The demand of a “soft” ion source for preserving highly diagnostic molecular ion is desirable, as compared to the “hard” ionization technique such as electron ionization (EI) in traditional GC/MS, which fragments the molecule in an extensive way. These API sources include atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), electrospray ionization (ESI) and low temperature plasma (LTP). This review discusses the advantages and drawbacks of this analytical platform. After an introduction in atmospheric pressure ionization the review gives an overview about the history and explains the mechanisms of various atmospheric pressure ionization techniques used in combination with GC such as APCI, APPI, APLI, ESI and LTP. Also new developments made in ion source geometry, ion source miniaturization and multipurpose ion source constructions are discussed and a comparison between GC-FID, GC-EI-MS and GC-API-MS shows the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques. The review ends with an overview of applications realized with GC-API-MS.     

Absolute photoionization cross sections of furanic fuels: 2‐ethylfuran, 2‐acetylfuran and furfural

Absolute photoionization cross sections of the molecules 2‐ethylfuran, 2‐acetylfuran and furfural, including partial ionization cross sections for the dissociative ionized fragments, are measured for the first time. These measurements are important because they allow fuel quantification via photoionization mass spectrometry and the development of quantitative kinetic modeling for the complex combustion of potential fuels. The experiments are carried out using synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry with an orthogonal time‐of‐flight spectrometer used for mass analysis at the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The CBS‐QB3 calculations of adiabatic ionization energies and appearance energies agree well with the experimental results. Several bond dissociation energies are also derived and presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability of high‐mass molecular libraries: the role of the oligoporphyrin core

Molecular beam techniques are a key to many experiments in physical chemistry and quantum optics. In particular, advanced matter‐wave experiments with high‐mass molecules profit from the availability of slow, neutral and mass‐selected molecular beams that are sufficiently stable to remain intact during laser heating and photoionization mass spectrometry. We present experiments on the photostability with molecular libraries of tailored oligoporphyrins with masses up to 25 000 Da. We compare two fluoroalkylsulfanyl‐functionalized libraries based on two different molecular cores that offer the same number of anchor points for functionalization but differ in their geometry and electronic properties. A pentaporphyrin core stabilizes a library of chemically well‐defined molecules with more than 1600 atoms. They can be neutrally desorbed with velocities as low as 20 m/s and efficiently analyzed in photoionization mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An investigation of paint from a mural in the church of Sainte Madeleine, Manas, France

The pigment in brown paint samples taken from a church in the Drôme region of France has been shown to be almost pure 6‐bromoindigo and 6,6′‐dibromoindigo. The composition of the pigment was established by comparison with 6‐bromoindigo and 6,6′‐dibromoindigo standards using atmospheric pressure photoionization combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The brown paint samples were taken from a frieze of ca 20 brown images having symmetric tree‐like forms composed of five overlapping filled circles representing foliage. The tree‐like images, simple rather than artistic, had a metallic luster. The molar ratio of 6‐bromoindigo and 6,6′‐dibromoindigo in the brown paint pigment (98:2) is remarkably similar to that of shellfish purple from the Mediterranean Murex brandaris (96.5:3.5) thus, it is possible that the origin of the indigoid compounds in the brown paint pigment is the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. As the production of Tyrian purple ended with the fall of Byzantium in 1453, purple pigment had to have been produced prior to this time. We have conjectured about the circumstances that may account for the use of ‘purple’ in this manner in the Drôme region and how the pigment was transported there from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea during the time of the Crusades. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.