Effect of hydrogen on interatomic bonds in austenitic steels

Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to investigate the influence of dissolved hydrogen on the interatomic bonds in austenitic steels. It was carried out to prove the decohesion mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). It is shown that hydrogen increases Debye temperature, i.e., the interatomic bonds in hydrogenated austenitic steel becomes stronger.     

Chain length effect on dynamical structure of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)-polar solvent mixtures in dilute solution of dioxane studied by microwave dielectric relaxation measurement

Dielectric relaxation study of the binary mixtures of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (Mw=24000, 40000 and 360000 g mol⁻¹) with ethyl alcohol (EA) and poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) (Mw=200 and 400 g mol⁻¹) in dilute solutions of dioxane were carried out at 10.1 GHz and 35°C. The relaxation time of PVP-EA mixtures was interpreted by the consideration of a wait-and-switch model in the local structure of self-associated ethyl alcohol molecules and also the PVP chain length as a geometric constraint for the reorientational motion of ethyl alcohol molecules. The formation of complexes and effect of PVP chain length on the molecular dynamics, chain flexibility and stretching of PEG molecules in PVP-PEG mixtures were explored from the comparative values of dielectric relaxation time. Further, relaxation time values in dioxane and benzene solvent confirm the viscosity independent molecular dynamics in PVP-EA mixtures but the values vary significantly with the non-polar solvent environment.     

Reactions of mercury salts with benzo- and tetrafluorobenzobarrelenes

Regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the addition of mercury salts to benzobarrelene and tetrafluorobenzobarrelene have been studied in acetic acid and methanol. The effect of the substrate structure on the regiochemistry of the reaction is discussed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1105–1108, June, 1994.     

离子束引起的在Al／Cr双层薄膜界面处的原子混合

用600keV的Kr~ 离子轰击Al/Cr双层薄膜样品进行界面原子反应及相互混合的研究。实验样品是在单晶硅上蒸镀约500nm厚的铝膜,相继再蒸上所需厚度的铬膜而制成的。轰击剂量为2.0×10~(15)-2.5×10~(16)Kr~ /cm~2。用2.0MeVa粒子对轰击前后的样品进行了卢瑟福背散射(RBS)分析,发现界面处有明显的原子混合存在;当轰击剂量≥1.0×10~(16)Kr~ /cm~2时,RBS谱出现有明显的坪台,经拟合计算和x射线衍射(XRD)测量证实确有化合物Al_(13)Cr_2存在;还分别得到了原子混合量及混合效率与轰击剂量的关系;最后对界面处的原子混合机制进行了讨论。     

矿渣粉加固粉土的理论分析及路用性能研究

提出了矿渣粉加固粉土的相关理论。将矿渣粉在加固土中的作用归结为火山灰胶凝效应和微集料填充效应,而火山灰胶凝效应又可进一步归结为水化作用、激发作用和离子交换作用;认为微集料填充效应与矿渣粉细度极为相关;用框图归纳了矿渣粉加固土的两种作用效应。进行了矿渣粉、石灰粉加固土无侧限饱水抗压强度、水稳定性、冻稳定性、温度收缩和干燥收缩等路用性能试验,并进行比较。结果表明,矿渣粉加固土所测路用性能指标优于石灰粉加固土。为工程应用提供了试验依据。     

Transition between layered and filamentary types of anisotropy in layered superconducting structures

A model of layered superconducting structure consisting of alternating anisotropic superconducting layers S₁ and S₂ with different transition temperatures is considered. It is shown that due to competition between two origins of anisotropy - effective-mass anisotropy of individual layers and proximity-induced anisotropy the effective anisotropy of the whole system signficiantly varies temperature. The components of the effective-mass tensor m_c (along the anisotropy axis) and m_a (perpendicular to the anisotropy axis) strongly depend upon temperature. This may lead to transition between layered (m_c > m_a) and quasi one-dimensional (m_c < m_a) types of anisotropy as well as to biaxial-type anisotropy which is also temperature dependent. The field distribution in a tilted vortex in a biaxial superconductor is calculated. The change in the properties of the vortex lattice with temperature in such systems is also investigated. The properties of YBa₂Cu₃O_x/PrBa₂Cu₃O_y multilayers are discussed in this connection.     

InAs/GaSb/AlSb resonant tunneling spin device concepts

We discuss device concepts for creating spin-polarized current sources without external magnetic fields, using non-magnetic 6.1 Å semiconductor resonant tunneling structures. Spin filters, spin pumps, and spin transistors that exploit structural and bulk inversion asymmetries will be examined.     

承受拉-扭组合载荷的薄壁圆筒屈服时产生塑性流动的条件

提出了在无外力作功的情况下，具有Bauschinger效应的弹塑性材料处于屈服状态产生自发的塑性流动时应满足的条件．这个条件不仅与材料的力学性能有关，而且还处决于材料的具体的载荷边界条件和变形．举例说明了承受拉一扭组合的薄壁圆筒中，采用组合强化模型时，产生塑性流动的具体条件．     

四能级原子系统中量子相干增强的Kerr非线性效应的研究

应用密度矩阵方程计算了四能级原子系统中三阶非线性极化率随信号光和探针光频率失谐的变化关系。结果表明，由于量子干涉对信号光强度的敏感性，使四能级原子介质的交叉Kerr非线性作用大大增强，与三能级系统相比，四能级原子介质的Kerr非线性系数可增强两个数量级。