Simplified prediction of creep buckling of cylinders under external pressure. Part 1: finite element validation

In this paper, a simplified method is proposed for the prediction of creep buckling. This simplified approach relies upon a model which yields an analytical evaluation of creep buckling times for cylinders under external pressure. This model is fully developed herein, and a ‘closed-form’ solution is given for the evaluation of the critical creep collapse time. The collapse mechanism is assumed to be due to the formation of a plastic hinge which induces an unstable post-buckling of the ring. The analytical ‘closed-form’ creep collapse time is then compared to finite element buckling predictions using the quasi-axisymmetric COMU shell element in the INCA code of the CASTEM system. The model is then applied to four different cylinders under external pressure and compared to finite element predictions; the cylinders' radius-to-thickness ratio varies between 50 and 550. It is shown that the proposed model performs well for this type of prediction: in all cases, the times to failure predicted by the model are lower than the finite element predictions. These predictions prove to be rather conservative for thicker cylinders. It is shown that creep buckling is a very dangerous failure mode. If the shape of the structure is observed as a function of time, nothing seems to happen during a very long ‘incubation’ period; when the initial imperfection reaches some critical value, buckling then suddenly occurs. This phenomenon is shown by the two methods of evaluation presented herein.     

基于数据重建的三角网格模型简化优化方法

由CT切片数据重建得到的三角网格模型常存在数据量大、狭长三角形多等问题,针对这些问题,研究了一种保持特征的高质量三角网格模型的简化优化方法。该方法分为网格简化和网格优化两个阶段。首先,采用基于曲面变化的二次误差度量计算边折叠代价,并按代价值的大小进行迭代的折叠简化,可较好地保持模型表面的特征;其次,通过二阶加权伞算子对简化模型中局部存在的狭长三角形进行优化处理,改善三角网格模型的质量。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好地保持特征区域的细节信息,并可靠地生成高质量、低几何误差的简化模型。     

Quantum mechanics needs no consciousness

It has been suggested that consciousness plays an important role in quantum mechanics as it is necessary for the collapse of wave function during the measurement. Here we formulated several predictions that follow from this hypothetical relationship and that can be empirically tested. Experimental results that are already available suggest falsification of these predictions. Thus, the suggested link between human consciousness and collapse of wave function does not seem viable. We discuss the implications of these conclusions on the role of the human observer for quantum mechanics and on the role of quantum mechanics for the observer's consciousness.     

声空化气泡成长及破裂研究

本文对液体内的声空化气泡的成长与破裂过程进行数值计算,得到各种情况下气泡壁的运动情况.通过对不同初始半径、不同频率下声空化气泡运动的计算,得到空化气泡半径小于共振半径,可以增强空化效果,而单一的增强声场的频率并不一定能加强声空化效果,为增强空化效果提供理论依据.研究各种信号作用下声空化气泡成长情况,明确方波信号激励下的...     

水下散体颗粒滑坡产生海啸波的实验研究

海底滑坡海啸作为仅次于地震海啸的重要海啸形态,常常发生于靠近海岸带的陆架和陆坡等区域,且由于其近岸灾害影响显著、物理机制复杂、难以监测和预警等特点,给靠近海岸带的居民造成了巨大的生命财产损失．关于水上滑坡海啸的实验研究相对比较充分,而对水下滑坡海啸和部分淹没滑坡海啸的研究则相对较少．本研究在大型波浪水槽中进行了斜坡上散体水下滑坡激发海啸的机理实验,研究了滑坡体的滑移距离、海啸波的形成过程以及海啸波的幅值、波速、非线性等特征,系统地认识了滑坡体质量、水深以及滑坡角度对滑坡海啸波高的影响规律,并提出了改进的水下滑坡海啸特征参数经验公式．     

STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF LOESS COLLAPSE

In this paper, firstly, the amount of collapsible space is statistically determined from the pore-size distributions of loess slices before and after collapse by using a polarizing microscope. Then, the characteristics of the structure and the copulation of loess grains are studied, and the copulations which decrease in strength upon contact with water are discovered. Lastly, by studying the joint action of external causes——a certain load and a certain moisture content——and internal conditions, the mechanism of loess collapse is advanced.     

非旋波近似下J─C模型中原子的压缩效应：数值研究途径

借助于数值对角化方法，研究了非旋波近似下Ｊ─Ｃ模型中原子的压缩效应，结果表明，在近可积区能观察到此种效应及其周期衰变与回复现象，而在远离近可积区这些特征消失     

制备奇偶SU(2)相干态腔场纠缠态

利用一个参量频率转换过程，在腔中制备双模SU(2)相干态，然后在一系列全同的SU(2)相干态腔场注入一个A型三能级原子，使之与腔场的一个模发生拉曼相互作用，通过系列原子一腔场相互作用生成腔场一原子纠缠态，通过对原子进行选择性测量，可获得奇偶SU(2)相干态腔场纠缠态。     

饱和克尔介质中双光子J－C模型的原子动力行为

讨论了高Ｑ饱和克尔（Ｋｅｒｒ）介质腔中单个两能级原子与单模光场发生双光子相互作用时原子动力学行为的演化     

Cavitation bubble collapse studied at 20 million frames per second

The collapse of laser-induced bubbles in water is investigated by high speed photography at framing rates as high as 20 million frames per second. The case of a spherical bubble in an unbounded liquid is compared with the Gilmore model. Bubbles collapsing in front of a solid wall show a rich dynamics depending on their normalized distance. Unprecedented details are given of the generic sequence of events leading to multiple shock waves and bubble shape metamorphosis upon collapse.