Role of FTFSI Anion Asymmetry on Physical Properties of AFTFSI (A=Li,Na and K) Based Electrolytes and Consequences on Supercapacitor Application

This study compares the physicochemical properties of six electrolytes comprising of three salts: LiFTFSI, NaFTFSI and KFTFSI in two solvent mixtures, the binary (3EC/7EMC) and the ternary (EC/PC/3DMC). The transport properties (conductivity, viscosity) as a function of temperature and concentration were modeled using the extended Jones-Dole-Kaminsky equation, the Arrhenius model, and the Eyring theory of transition state for activated complexes. Results are discussed in terms of ionicity, solvation shell, and cross-interactions between electrolyte components. The application of the six formulated electrolytes in symmetrical activated carbon (AC)//AC supercapacitors (SCs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation (GCPL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated aging. Results revealed that the geometrical flexibility of the FTFSI anion allows it to access and diffuse easily in AC whereas its counter ions (Li⁺, Na⁺ or K⁺) can remain trapped in porosity. However, this drawback was partially resolved by mixing LiFTFSI and KFTFSI salts in the electrolyte.     

活性碳纳米管的制备及其在有机电解液中的电容性能研究

以KOH为活化剂对碳纳米管进行化学活化制备双电层电容器用高比表面积活性碳纳米管. 采用TEM和N₂吸附法表征活性碳纳米管的结构, 采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等评价其在1 mol•L^－1 Et₄NBF₄/PC中的电容性能. 随活化剂用量增大、活化温度升高和活化时间的延长, 活性碳纳米管的比表面积和比电容都呈增大的趋势. 活化剂用量为3∶1, 800 ℃活化4 h制备的活性碳纳米管的比表面积663 m²•g^－1, 比活化前提高了3倍, 其比电容达57.2 F• g^－1, 比活化前提高了2倍. 将活性碳纳米管的比电容与其比表面积相关联, 发现两者之间具有非常好的线性关系, 并分析了原因.     

用于高性能钠离子电容器的高氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维的简易合成

选择合适的生物质材料是获得功能碳材料的有效途径之一。通过柠檬酸钾和三聚氰胺一步热解法制备高氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维(NPCF)。在电流密度为0.1和1.0 A·g^-1时,NPCF电极的容量分别为218和140 mAh·g^-1。同时,具有NPCF阳极的钠离子电容器(SIC)在1.0 A·g^-1下表现出优异的倍率性能和超长的使用寿命,可循环超过2 500次。     

新型活性炭材料在双电层电容器中的应用研究

以椰壳为原料,利用特定的物理 化学方法在一定条件下制得双电层电容器活性炭电极材料.实验表明,该活性炭经压制成型后制作的双电层电容器,具有大的比电容,文中同时研究了酸处理、二次活化以及电极冷压成型方法对电极性能的影响.     

隔膜对双电层电容器和混合型电池-超级电容器的电化学性能的影响

隔膜是双电层电容器和混合型电池-超级电容器等电化学储能器件的重要组成元件.本文采用1 mol?L-1四乙基四氟硼酸铵的丙烯碳酸酯电解液制备了基于活性炭的扣式双电层电容器,并采用1 mol?L-1六氟磷酸锂锂离子电解液制备了(LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2+活性炭)/石墨体系的混合型电池-超级电容器.研究了不同类型隔膜的物理化学性能,以及其对双电层电容器和混合型电池-超级电容器的电化学性能的影响.四种隔膜分别是无纺布聚丙烯毡、多孔聚丙烯薄膜、Al2O3涂层的聚丙烯薄膜和纤维素纸隔膜.进行了表面形貌、差示扫描量热、电解液吸液量和表观接触角测试表征.电化学测试表明,采用纤维素隔膜的双电层电容器具有最高的比电容和更优的倍率性能,电容器的自放电性能差别不大.而对于混合型电池-超级电容器,采用聚丙烯薄膜和无纺布聚丙烯毡隔膜器件的比容量比其它器件约高20%,且采用纤维素隔膜的器件自放电率最高.     

多孔不锈钢基二氧化锰薄膜电极的制备及电容特性

用电化学方法制备了一种多孔不锈钢基二氧化锰薄膜电极。 在不锈钢基体上以聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（Triton X-100）在水溶液中形成的液晶作掩膜,通过电化学腐蚀制备了多孔基体电极,用恒电位方法在基体上沉积二氧化锰薄膜。 用扫描电子显微镜对二氧化锰薄膜电极形貌进行了考察,循环伏安法和充放电曲线法测试了二氧化锰薄膜电极的电容。 结果表明,腐蚀后的不锈钢基体呈现多孔特征,孔分布无规律,孔径大小从几十纳米到几百纳米不等,沉积的二氧化锰呈颗粒状,直径为80~90 nm。 扫描速率为20 mV/s,沉积电量0.4 C/cm2时,循环伏安法测得的二氧化锰薄膜电极的质量比电容达400 F/g;沉积电量4~5 C/cm2时,面积比电容达到320 ×10-3 F/cm2,此时的质量比电容仍保持在200 F/g左右。 实验结果表明,多孔不锈钢基二氧化锰薄膜电极在超级电容器领域有潜在的应用前景。     

同轴电喷法制备PCL-蛋清体系复合微胶囊

以鸡蛋的卵清蛋白作为蛋白质药物模板、生物可降解材料聚己内酯(PCL)为药物载体模板,采用同轴电喷法制备PCL-蛋清体系的复合微球.研究了电导率、黏度对于电喷微球成型的影响.核壳溶液推进速率比、电压、溶液质量分数和接收距离等对于所得微球表面形态和结构的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了微球的表面形态,用荧光显微镜表征了微球的包覆模式.结果表明:同轴电喷法可以制备PCL-蛋清体系的复合结构微胶囊,其中推进速率比对微球形貌、粒径及其分布的影响比较明显,当PCL与蛋清溶液推进速率比大于10时,将出现具有包覆结构的微球.     

Li-defect interactions in electron-irradiated n-type silicon by EPR measurements

Single crystal silicon, both with and without oxygen, has been diffused with lithium to concentrations ～10¹⁷/cm², irradiated with 1 to 1.5 MeV electrons, and the ensuing defects studies by EPR measurements. The presence of oxygen strongly affects the properties of these defects. Measurements have indicated the presence of two new defects which involve Li-one in O-containing material and one in O-free material. The defects are observed in their electron-filled state, and indicate a net electron spinof ½. The defect spectra disappear (with time) at room temperature, and can be explained by the formation of other Li-involved defects which lie deeper in the energy bandgap and are not visible by EPR. Electron irradiation at 40 °K followed by annealing at higher temperatures show that both EPR defects described above begin to form at about 200 °K and begin to decrease at about 275 °K-just as does the 250 °K reverse annealing observed generally for n-type Si. Based on these data, and the work of others, it is suggested that both defects form as a result of the motion of Si interstitials which produce a (Li-O-interstitial) complex in O-containing Si, and a (Li-interstitial) complex in O-free Si.     

Initiation of Light Pulses by a Coaxial H‐Compressed Discharge

An optimum configuration of the discharge channel of a coaxial Hcompressed discharge is determined to exclude the screening influence of an envelope on discharge radiation in the UV region of a spectrum. It is shown that the use of an Hcompressed discharge of coaxial shape makes it possible to increase the radiation yield in the UV spectrum as compared to a plane shape at the same parameters of electric power supply.