高空核电磁脉冲模拟波形的双指数函数拟合法

 许多标准和公开出版物中都用双指数函数描述高空核电磁脉冲典型波形。通过数值方法，研究了双指数函数一项重要的性质。根据该性质，详细讨论了高空核电磁脉冲模拟波形数值拟合中，双指数函数特征参数与脉冲峰值、前沿、后沿以及半宽等物理参数的关系，从而提出一种简单有效的脉冲参数计算方法。通过IEC标准中规定的高空核电磁脉冲参数的估计与一个实测高空核电磁脉冲模拟波形的数值拟合，验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。该方法能够适应多种峰值、前沿和半宽的高宽核电磁脉冲模拟波形的数值拟合。     

高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究*

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示：在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p <0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。     

Interfacial Adhesion between Fatty Acid Collectors and Hydrophilic Surfaces: Implications for Low-Rank Coal Flotation

Fatty acids, which are enriched in vegetable oil, have attracted much attention in low-rank coal flotation because of their unique chemical structure. In this study, density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate the adsorption structure and forces between collectors and hydrophilic surfaces. The results show that fatty acids can be easily adsorbed onto surfaces through hydrogen bonds, and can cover the oxygen sites. The existence of hydration film on hydrophilic surfaces prevented nonpolar molecules from being able to adsorb, while polar fatty acids could adsorb and expel water molecules. The adhesion force between the RCOOH-terminated probe and the surface appeared in the retraction process, which differed significantly from that of the RCH₃-terminated probe, indicating that polar fatty acids are more suitable as flotation collectors for low-rank coal than nonpolar hydrocarbon oil. The simulation and AFM test revealed the mechanisms of polar fatty acids, and can provide guidance for low-rank coal flotation applications.     

Diffusion coefficients in channeling

Making use of the general formula introduced by Ohtsuki, detailed calculations for diffusion coefficients in channeling are performed. The nuclear and single electron excitations are considered separately compared with the plasmon excitation. Some analytic expressions proposed in previous paper are confirmed.     

The solubility of bosentan in aqueous-2-propanol mixtures at several temperatures,measurement and data correlation

ABSTRACT

The solubilities of bosentan (BST) in binary aqueous mixtures of 2-propanol at temperatures ranging from 293.15 to 313.15 K were determined using a shake-flask method. The produced data were modelled with the Jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff model and difference between the predicted data and experimental ones were illustrated by percent average relative deviations (%ARD). Moreover, the thermodynamic functions of dissolution for BST in the aqueous 2-propanol solutions were computed which suggest that the dissolution process is endothermic and not spontaneous.     

高频地波雷达波形参数设计

根据线性调频中断连续波（FMICW）雷达原理,针对高频地波雷达探测海洋表面动力学要素的要求,给出了雷达信号数据采集与处理过程;分析了被压地波脉冲中断的雷达回波信号可以进行连续采样的原理;设计了无距离混迭和Doppler频率混迭的OSMAR2000雷达工作参数。该雷达主要技术指标为：距离分辨率2.5km,最大探测距离270km,时间分辨率13min,雷达工作比0.44,测量分辨率2－3cm/s。现场实验表明,雷达波形参数设计是正确的。     

Time and distance constraints on accelerating cosmological models

The absence of guidance from fundamental physics about the mechanism behind cosmic acceleration has given rise to a number of alternative cosmological scenarios. These are based either on modifications of general relativistic gravitation theory on large scales or on the existence of new fields in Nature. In this Letter we investigate the observational viability of some accelerating cosmological models in light of 32 age measurements of passively evolving galaxies as a function of redshift and recent estimates of the product of the cosmic microwave background acoustic scale and the baryonic acoustic oscillation peak scale. By using information-criteria model selection, we select the best-fit models and rank the alternative scenarios. We show that some of these models may provide a better fit to the data than does the current standard cosmological constant dominated (ΛCDM) model.     

Synchronization between two different noise-perturbed chaotic systems with unknown parameters

In this paper, a general method of synchronizing noise-perturbed chaotic systems with unknown parameters is proposed. Based on the LaSalle-type invariance principle for stochastic differential equations and by employing a combination of feedback control and adaptive control, some sufficient conditions of chaos synchronization between these noise-perturbed systems with unknown parameters are established. The model used in the research is the chaotic system, but the method is also applicable to the hyperchaotic systems. Unified system and noise-perturbed RSssler system, hyperchaotic Chen system and nolse-perturbed hyperchaotic RSssler system are taken for illustrative examples to demonstrate this technique.[第一段]     

K Shell Fluorescence Parameters by Impact of 5.96 keV Photons on Ti and Its Compounds

K shell fluorescence parameters of pure Ti and some of its compounds have been determined experimentally using an Ultra-LEGe detector with resolution 150 eV at 5.9 keV. The samples were excited 5.96 keV photons emitted from a 55Fe radioisotope source with 50 mCi activity. The experimental values of the K shell fluorescence parameters have been compared with the experimental and theoretical values available in the literature for pure Ti.     

药品近红外光谱通用性定量模型评价参数的选择

为寻找药品近红外通用性定量模型在建立过程中用于确立最优模型的关键评价参数组合,收集整理了目前各种商品化化学计量学软件及文献中的13个常用于评价近红外定量模型的统计学参数,结合人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会对于药品定量分析方法验证基本要求,对92个药品近红外通用性定量分析模型的这些参数进行了计算和分析。通过对各个参数之间相互关系的研究,确定了适合于药品近红外通用性定量分析模型评价的参数组合,并统计出了这些参数的数值范围：用于模型准确性评价的关键参数为交叉验证均方根误差/预测均方根误差、平均相对偏差和相对分析误差;大部分交叉验证均方根误差/预测均方根误差结果在3%以内,其中交叉验证均方根误差在数值上与平均绝对偏差相当,大部分相对分析误差值大于2,而平均相对偏差的数值与所建模型的类型(剂型、样品的包装形式)和待测成分含量的分布有关。模型线性评价关键参数为决定系数;大部分模型的决定系数在80%～100%之间。模型耐用性关键评价参数为预测均方根误差与交叉验证均方根误差的比值,大部分模型该参数在1.5以内。精密度评价关键参数为重复测定结果的标准差;该参数对于规范近红外的操作,以及考核模型能否在不同仪器间传递具有重要的意义,但目前药品近红外通用性定量模型对于分析精密度的关注较少,无法估计出具体数值范围。该研究不仅为药品近红外通用性模型的建立者和使用者提供了评价模型优劣的依据,也为完善药品近红外光谱通用性定量分析模型的参数评价体系提供了基础数据。