Laser soldering of flip-chips

A novel process for laser soldering of flip-chips on transparent printed circuit board assemblies is presented. The experiments were carried out on silver test patterns printed on glass wafers using a roller-type gravure offset printing method. The contact pads, where the bumps of the flip-chips are positioned, were covered with a thin layer of additional solder paste. The aligned samples (solder pad—solder paste—chip bump) were illuminated through the glass substrate using an Ar⁺ laser beam (, , at 1/e) to heat the printed pad and melt the solder paste, thus forming a joint between the printed pad and the chip bump. The heat-affected zone was modeled using computer-assisted finite element method. The solder joint cross-sections were analyzed using optical and electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray element analyses. The laser-soldered joints were of good mechanical and electrical quality and the process proved to be suitable for manufacturing customized circuit prototypes.     

PPLN晶体差频测量飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移

在飞秒激光频率梳系统中，通常采用自参考技术测量飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移，但该技术需要采用光子晶体光纤进行光谱扩展从而增加了系统的不稳定性，这种技术已经制约了高稳定度的飞秒激光频率梳的发展.采用PPLN晶体差频法测量了宽谱钛宝石振荡器输出的7fs激光脉冲的载波包络频移，得到了大于30dB的拍频信号，为研制无光纤的新一代高稳定度光学频率梳奠定了基础.     

Quantum Effects on Global Structure of Liquid Water

The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in-vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85 oC. Distinct difference between the Raman spectral profiles of two different liquid waters is clearly observed. By analyzing the temperature-dependent Raman spectral contour using global fitting procedure, it is found that the micro-structure of heavy water is more ordered than that of light water at the same temperature, and the structure difference between the light and heavy water decreases with the increase of the temperature. The temperature off-set, an indicator for the structure difference, is determined to vary from 28 oC to 18 oC for the low-to-high temperature. It indicates that quantum effect is significantly not only at low temperature, but also at room temperature. The interaction energy among water moleculeshas also been estimated from van't Hoff's relationship. The detailed structural information should help to develop reliable force fields for molecular modeling of liquid water.     

Miniaturized optical system for atomic fountain clock

Using modularized components, we have built a miniaturized optical system for 87Rb atomic fountain clock that is fitted on an 80 cm × 60 cm optical breadboard. Compared with the conventional optical setup on the table, our system is more compact, more robust and miniaturized. Taking advantage of this system, laser beams are transmitted through eight optical fibre patch cords from the optical breadboard to an ultra high vacuum system. This optical setup has operated for five months in our fountain system and required no alignment.     

氢原子钟壁移的测量和消除

指出了克服氢原子钟壁移问题的必要性. 给出了一种测量氢钟壁移的简易方法,讨论了减小壁移的技术. 该文的方法和技术有助于进一步改善氢原子钟的长期稳定度.     

Band Alignment for Ambipolar-Doping of Sn_xZn_(1-x) Te Alloys

Using the first-principles band-structure method and a special quasirandom structure(SQS) approach,we have systematically calculated the alloy bowing coefficients and the nature band offsets of SnxZn1-x Te alloys.We show that the bowing coefficients and band gaps of these alloys are sensitively composition dependent.Due to wave functions full overlapping and delocalization of the Sn outermost p orbits and Zn s orbits,the coupling between these states is very strong,resulting in a significant downshift of conduction band edge with the increase of the Sn concentration x,While the valence band edge keeps almost unchanged compared with that of the binary ZnTe,thus improving the possibility for ambipolar-doping.     

Effects of Quantum Noise on Quantum Clock Synchronization

In laboratory environment, the channel apparatus will generate particular dominant quantum noise. The noise then will give rise to some errors during synchronization. In this work, the accuracies of one qubit transport protocol and entangled states transport protocol in the presence of noise have been studied. With the help of three important and familiar noise models, the quantum noise will degrade the accuracy has been proved. Due to the influence of quantum noise, the accuracy of entangled qubits decrease faster than that of one qubit. The entangled states will improve the accuracy in noise-free channel, and will degrade the accuracy in noise channel.     

新型小铷钟微波腔谐振特性的研究

采用模匹配法对一种陶瓷介质填充的圆柱谐振腔TE₀₁₁、TE₁₁₁模的谐振特性进行了理论分析和软件仿真. 计算了该种谐振腔的谐振频率,并与其他理论方法得到的仿真结果进行了比较,验证了理论方法的正确性. 在此基础上,分析了陶瓷介质尺寸对谐振频率的影响. 与目前铷钟广泛使用的微波腔相比,该种谐振腔腔体的体积在很大程度上得到减小,这对于铷原子钟小型化的实现具有重要的作用.     

Clock frequency estimation under spontaneous emission

We investigate the quantum dynamics of a driven two-level system under spontaneous emission and its application in clock frequency estimation. By using the Lindblad equation to describe the system, we analytically obtain its exact solutions, which show three different regimes: Rabi oscillation, damped oscillation, and overdamped decay. From the analytical solutions, we explore how the spontaneous emission affects the clock frequency estimation. We find that under a moderate spontaneous emission rate, the transition frequency can still be inferred from the Rabi oscillation. Our results enable potential practical applications in frequency measurement and quantum control under decoherence.     

Investigation of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO films bandgap and Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO/ZnO heterojunctions band offset by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

A series of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO thin films have been fabricated on sapphire by pulsed-laser deposition(PLD), successfully. To investigate the effect of Cd concentration on structural and optical properties of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO films, x-ray diffraction(XRD),ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-vis), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) are employed to characterize the films in detail. The XRD pattern indicates that the Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO thin films have high single-orientation of the c axis. The energy bandgap values of ZnCdO thin films decrease from 3.26 eV to 2.98 eV with the increasing Cd concentration(x)according to the(αhν)~2–hν curve. Furthermore, the band offsets of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO/ZnO heterojunctions are determinated by XPS, indicating that a type-I alignment takes place at the interface and the value of band offset could be tuned by adjusting the Cd concentration.