New chromaticity compensation approach and dynamic aperture increase in the SSRF storage ring

Strong chromatic sextupoles used to compensate natural chromaticities in the third generation light source storage ring usually reduce dynamic aperture drastically. Many optimization methods can be used to find solutions that provide large dynamic apertures. This paper discusses a new optimization approach of sextupole strengths with step-by-step procedure, which is applied in the SSRF storage ring, and a better solution is obtained. Investigating driving terms generated by the sextupoles in every step can analyze their convergences and guide the weight setting among different terms in object function of the single resonance approach based on the perturbation theory.     

高数值孔径光刻成像中双层底层抗反膜的优化

在高数值孔径光学光刻中,成像光入射角分布在较大范围内,传统的单底层抗反膜不足以控制抗蚀剂-衬底界面反射率(衬底反射率)。考虑照明光源形状以及掩模的影响,提出了一种新的双层底层抗反膜优化方法,依据各级衍射光光强求衬底反射率的最小权重平均值来配置膜层。针对传统掩模、衰减相移掩模以及交替相移掩模的情况,用该方法优化双层底层抗反膜。结果表明,如果成像时进入物镜光瞳的高阶光越多,高阶光光强越大,则掩模对底层抗反膜优化的影响越大。在某些成像条件下,如使用交替相移掩模实现成像,有必要在底层抗反膜优化中考虑掩模的影响。     

尺度缩小合成孔径激光成像雷达的孔径合成实验

设计了一种尺度缩小的合成孔径激光成像雷达(SAIL),在实验室平台上模拟实施远场传输条件,相应地解决了波前测量和外差质量监视技术,实现了一个目标点的方位向孔径合成实验,实验结果与理论预测相近.     

Theory and experiment of large numerical aperture objective Raman microscopy: application to the stress‐tensor determination in strained cubic materials

We present the theory underlying the large numerical aperture objective micro‐Raman backscattering experiment and apply it to the elaboration of a characterization methodology for the determination of the stress tensor in strained cubic semiconductor structures. The presented stress characterization technique consists in monitoring the variations of the stress‐sensitive optical phonon peak position and linewidth while rotating stepwise the sample about its normal. The practical application of the technique is illustrated on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) microelectronic structure demonstrating a plane stress‐tensor determination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宽光谱超大孔径反衍望远系统设计

二元光学元件具有许多传统光学元件无法比拟的优越性。利用2个二元光学元件作为系统的物镜和目镜,通过确定各元件的基本结构、孔径大小,设计了25m的超大孔径反衍混合望远系统。所设计系统的弥散斑大小及MTF函数都能够达到设计要求。使用谐衍射透镜代替普通衍射透镜,对系统进一步改进,使望远系统获得了较宽的光谱范围。试验结果表明:改进后的系统无论在单一光谱、多频带光谱或者连续光谱范围,都能够获得接近衍射极限的成像质量。     

大口径石英基底衍射透镜的高精度制备方法

针对传统接触式曝光过程中掩模版因自身重力产生形变从而引入不可忽视的线宽误差和位置误差的问题,提出了一种大口径石英基底衍射透镜的高精度制备方法.采用背面具有真空道的高平面度、高强度金属校正工装吸附在掩模版上,利用掩模版上下表面的压强差使其与工装高度贴合,确保掩模版的高平面度.待石英基底所有区域均与掩模版结构面紧密贴合后取下工装.完成接触式曝光和显影后,采用反应离子刻蚀技术对大口径石英基底进行刻蚀,最终得到高精度微纳米结构.经有限元分析,使用该校正工装后,掩模版的形变量由28.85μm减小为0.88μm.实验结果表明,采用该方法制备的口径430mm两台阶石英基底菲涅尔衍射透镜波像差优于1/25λ,平均衍射效率为38.24%,达到理论值的94.35%,具有良好的聚焦和光学成像效果.     

Bioinformatics analysis and verification of gene targets for renal clear cell carcinoma

BackgroundIt is estimated that there are 338,000 new renal-cell carcinoma releases every year in the world. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous tumor, of which more than 70% is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is estimated that about 30% of new renal-cell carcinoma patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis. However, the pathogenesis of renal clear cell carcinoma has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the pathogenesis of ccRCC.MethodsTwo expression profiling datasets (GSE68417, GSE71963) were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC and normal tissue samples were identified by GEO2R. Functional enrichment analysis was made by the DAVID tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The hub genes were excavated. The clustering analysis of expression level of hub genes was performed by UCSC (University of California Santa Cruz) Xena database. The hub gene on overall survival rate (OS) in patients with ccRCC was performed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Finally, we used the ccRCC renal tissue samples to verify the hub genes.Results1182 common DEGs between the two datasets were identified. The results of GO and KEGG analysis revealed that variations in were predominantly enriched in intracellular signaling cascade, oxidation reduction, intrinsic to membrane, integral to membrane, nucleoside binding, purine nucleoside binding, pathways in cancer, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules. 10 hub genes ITGAX, CD86, LY86, TLR2, TYROBP, FCGR2A, FCGR2B, PTPRC, ITGB2, ITGAM were identified. FCGR2B and TYROBP were negatively correlated with the overall survival rate in patients with ccRCC (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of CD86, FCGR2A, FCGR2B, TYROBP, LY86, and TLR2 were significantly higher in ccRCC samples, compared with the adjacent renal tissue groups.ConclusionsIn summary, bioinformatics technology could be a useful tool to predict the progression of ccRCC. In addition, there are DEGs between ccRCC tumor tissue and normal renal tissue, and these DEGs might be considered as biomarkers for ccRCC.     

UPLC‐MS/MS based diagnostics for epithelial ovarian cancer using fully sialylated C4‐binding protein

Serum levels of fully sialylated C4‐binding protein (FS‐C4BP) are remarkably elevated in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and can be used as a marker to distinguish ovarian clear cell carcinoma from endometrioma. This study aimed to develop a stable, robust and reliable liquid chromatography–hybrid mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) based diagnostic method that would generalize FS‐C4BP as a clinical EOC biomarker. Glycopeptides derived from 20 μL of trypsin‐digested serum glycoprotein were analyzed via UPLC equipped with an electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. This UPLC‐MS/MS‐based diagnostic method was optimized for FS‐C4BP and validated using sera from 119 patients with EOC and 127 women without cancer. A1958 (C4BP peptide with two fully sialylated biantennary glycans) was selected as a marker of FS‐C4BP because its level in serum was highest among FS‐C4BP family members. Preparation and UPLC‐MS/MS were optimized for A1958, and performance and robustness were significantly improved relative to our previous method. An area under the curve analysis of the FS‐C4BP index receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the ratio between A1958 and A1813 (C4BP peptide with two partially sialylated biantennary glycans) reached 85%. A combination of the FS‐C4BP index and carbohydrate antigen‐125 levels further enhanced the sensitivity and specificity.     

无模板剂二次生长法制备取向MFI型分子筛膜

使用旋涂法在多孔α-Al₂O₃载体上获得了b-&h0h-取向的silicalite-1晶种层。在无模板剂存在条件下进行二次生长,通过改变合成液的碱度(OH^-/Si)、水量(H₂O/Si)和晶化温度等,调节膜表面的形貌和晶体取向。SEM和XRD检测结果表明,对于1SiO₂:4EtOH∶xNaOH∶yH₂O合成体系,x与y值的选取与分子筛膜的形貌和晶体取向紧密相关。当x=0.56时,增加y值将促进分子筛膜从随机取向到b-轴取向的转变,晶粒形貌也发生了较大变化;当y=270时,可以得到厚约为4 μm、连续且择优b-轴取向的MFI型分子筛膜。     

Coaxially bifocal liquid crystal lens with switchable optical aperture

An electrically tunable liquid crystal (LC) lens with dual hole-patterned electrodes is demonstrated. When the LC lens is operated at low voltages, the dual hole-patterned electrodes with different diameters impart the lens with a coaxial bifocal characteristic. At high voltages, the proposed LC lens functions as a conventional lens with a single focal length but with a switchable optical aperture. The demonstrated LC lens is free of disclination lines because of the presence of voltage-assisted high pretilt angles created from the upmost hole-patterned electrode with small diameter.