The side chain effects on TPD-based copolymers: the linear chain leads to a higher jsc

Abstract

Alkyl substituents appended to polymers play the determining role on self-assembly and film-forming properties, and on device performance. In this work, we highlight the effects of the linear and branched flexible chains appended to the acceptor moiety (A) in D-A type copolymers. Two thieno[3,4-c]-pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based copolymers PT1 and PT2 with different alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized. By comparison their UV-vis absorptions, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, as well as the characters in polymer solar cells, the influences of alkyl chains were investigated. Both copolymers showed molecular weights of 21?kDa and similar optical properties with a medium band gap of 1.93?eV, while PT2 with the branched chain exhibited a lower HOMO than that of PT1 (?5.43 vs???5.37?eV). In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, PT1 with a linear chain presented a short circuit current (J_sc) of 6.76?mA cm^?2, open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.89?V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.92%. To the contrary, PT2 showed a J_sc of 3.53?mA cm^?2, V_oc of 0.99?V, delivering a relatively lower PCE of 2.05%. The result indicates that appending a linear alkyl chain to the TPD unit could sufficient enhance the J_sc value of the related polymer.     

基于单片机和光电开关的通用计数器设计

At presrent, the photoelectric switch is more and more widely used in the industrial automation equipment.It can be finished counting industrial products by using the characteristic of the photoelectric switch which can detect the objects without touching them. This design uses the modular design method,including power-supply module, The photoelectric conversion module, optocoupler isolation circuit module, power off protection module, matrix keyboard module, counting module and The display module. It mainly uses 51 single-chip microcomputer to control the system,uses the keilC51 software to design program,uses the Proteus software to complete the simulation. Through the experiment, it proves the design is feasible.     

基于LVDT的新型信号调理电路的设计研究

LVDT线性可变差动变压器,其输出信号为两个线圈的差动电压信号,能够实时的、高准确性的将机械位移信号转化成电信号。传统LVDT信号调理电路存在不易散热、检测修复困难、性价比低、适用范围窄等问题,本文设计了一种新型LVDT信号调理电路,该信号调理电路由驱动电路、整流归一化电路和滤波放大电路组成,测试结果能够匹配LVDT的输出信号特性,达到LVDT信号调理的各项指标要求,实验结果表明本设计具有一定的可行性。     

Determination of sulfonamide residues in cultured sea cucumber by pre-column derivatization capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

A simple and mild method for the separation of sulfonamide residues based on a condensation reaction with O-phthalaldehyde solution (OPA) as labeling reagent with capillary electrophoresis has been developed. A 58.5 cm × 50 μm i.d. (50 cm effective length) untreated fused-silica capillary was used. To optimize the separation conditions, the background electrolyte concentration, pH, column temperature, voltage and other factors were evaluated. The optimal separation conditions were as follows: 20 mmol L^?1 borate buffer; pH 9.1; column temperature 20 °C; separation voltage 18 kV, pressure 50 mbar and injection time 8 s. Under the optimal conditions, 10 kinds of sulfonamide derivatives could be well-separated within 8 min, and the linear ranges were 0.35–100 μg kg^?1. The detection limit (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) was in the range of 0.12–0.25 μg kg^?1, and the quantification limit (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10) was in the range of 0.35–0.70 μg kg^?1. The sulfonamide residues from cultured sea cucumber samples were determined under the optimal conditions with satisfactory results.     

类Liu系统在水声微弱信号检测中的应用研究

利用三阶混沌系统构造了一种新的微弱信号检测系统——类Liu系统, 对类Liu 系统进行了深度的理论分析. 类Liu系统中, 当输入待测信号幅值大于某临界值时, 系统可达到平衡点S₀, S₀中系统变量x平衡于摄动力信号, 系统变量y, z收敛于零态, 且S₀ 对应的Lyapunov指数小于零. 通过Matlab仿真、Multisim电路仿真以及实际电路证明了类Liu系统的周期态收敛性及广域检测性, 解决了传统Duffing系统进行微弱信号检测时周期态不收敛、只能进行窄域检测等问题, 同时谱级信噪比范围仍可达-46.57 dB. 类Liu系统采用了全新的设计理念, 具有较高的实用价值, 对未来海洋物联网中的水声通信有一定参考价值.     

异构多核系统中跨时钟域的解决方法

随着集成电路的集成度与性能的不断发展,芯片的功耗问题已经变的十分严重,功耗带来的挑战日益突出。异构多核动态调频架构是目前研究低功耗的主流方向。SOC系统当中同一时刻只有一个处理器能够控制总线,其它处理器则处理等待状态,异构多核动态调频架构能够通过降低不控制总线的处理器频率来达到降低功耗的目的。异构多核领域的处理器和总线跨时钟域解决方案,此方案在国内属于首次提出,可以运用在异构多核动态调频(DFS)架构当中。目前手持终端设备越来越强调功耗的重要性,因此异构多核领域的处理器和总线跨时钟域解决方案将有非常好的应用前景。该方案通过在处理器和AMBA总线之间添加FIFO以及一些复杂的算法,达到消除亚稳态和正常通信的目的。最终,通过仿真发现任意调节处理器的工作频率都能满足传输协议。证明该方案能在异构多核动态调频架构中运用。     

大学物理实验教学仪器的改进

通过仪器电路改进、程序编写等工作,成功改进了数字电流表。改进后的电流表具有量程自动切换功能,实现了对原有数字电流表的量程保护。经实验测试表明,改进后电流表运行稳定,测试结果正确。     

动生、感生电动势与法拉第电磁感应定律等价性的研究

法拉第电磁感应定律与动生电动势、感生电动势之和是完全等价的。本文通过实例证明,等价是有条件的。当回路中存在大块导体时,则不等价。     

Operating principles of the cerebral cortex as a six-layered network in primates: beyond the classic canonical circuit model

The cerebral cortex performs its computations with many six-layered fundamental units, collectively spreading along the cortical sheet. What is the local network structure and the operating dynamics of such a fundamental unit? Previous investigations of primary sensory areas revealed a classic “canonical” circuit model, leading to an expectation of similar circuit organization and dynamics throughout the cortex. This review clarifies the different circuit dynamics at play in the higher association cortex of primates that implements computation for high-level cognition such as memory and attention. Instead of feedforward processing of response selectivity through Layers 4 to 2/3 that the classic canonical circuit stipulates, memory recall in primates occurs in Layer 5/6 with local backward projection to Layer 2/3, after which the retrieved information is sent back from Layer 6 to lower-level cortical areas for further retrieval of nested associations of target attributes. In this review, a novel “dynamic multimode module (D3M)” in the primate association cortex is proposed, as a new “canonical” circuit model performing this operation.     

反射式红外传感器在智能型节水系统中的应用

利用反射式红外传感器和少量的电子器件(单稳态触发器),研制了智能型节水控制系统。该系统能够识别是否有人入厕,酌情产生冲洗信号, 躯动进水电磁阀开启,向浮球式水箱内注水,待注满足以冲刷干净所需的两水箱水后,便自动地切断电磁阀中电源,达到了既卫生又节约的目的。在某一教学楼应用该系统一年多来,与无使用此系统的同规模另一教学楼相比,节水约70％。该系统元件少、成本低、结构合理、工作可靠、安装容易、维修方便,有广阔的应用前景。