一类不确定混沌系统的观测器同步

基于降维观测器的方法实现了一类具有外部扰动的混沌系统的同步. 无需知道系统外部扰动项的任何信息，就可对驱动系统设计基于降维观测器的响应系统，从而实现了混沌系统的同步. 数值仿真表明该方法是有效的. 关键词： 混沌同步 混沌系统 观测器     

简并光学参量振荡器混沌反控制

提出一种实现简并光学参量振荡器混沌反控制的方法，用正弦信号调制简并光学参量振荡器的基模衰减率，使简并光学参量振荡器从定态输出转化为混沌态.数值模拟结果表明，选择不同的调制幅度和调制角频率，只要满足系统的最大李雅谱诺夫指数大于零，即可实现不同的混沌轨道重构.通过比较最大李雅谱诺夫指数λ_max随调制幅度和调制角频率变化曲线， 指出系统从周期态调制到混沌态比从无亚谐波输出的定态调制到混沌态更容易，有更宽的调制幅度和调制角频率选择范围. 关键词： 简并光学参量振荡器 混沌反控制 调制     

光学薄膜测量时平顶光束激励的表面热透镜理论模型

推导了调制的平顶光束激励下基于Fresnel衍射积分的表面热透镜理论，通过数值模拟，比较了平顶光束和高斯光束激励下样品内部温度场、表面形变场和探测光衍射信号的径向分布，分析了影响表面热透镜信号的实验参数.结果表明，在最佳探测位置，平顶光束激励下的表面热透镜系统比相同情况下高斯光束激励下的灵敏度高，最高时约2倍，更有利于薄膜吸收测量. 关键词： 表面热透镜 光学薄膜 平顶光束     

基于包层旋转折变型光纤光栅的动态增益均衡器

提出并利用高频CO₂激光脉冲在普通单模通信光纤上写出了包层旋转折变型长周期光纤光栅(R-LPFG). 在分析R-LPFG波导结构和双折射特性的基础上，对光栅周期数和折变旋转度分别为50和7.2°/周期的R-LPFG进行了实验研究.结果表明，这种类型的光栅可极大地降低其谐振波长对横向负荷不同作用方向所表现出的方向相关性，并且其谐振峰幅度横向负荷灵敏度在任意方向下均高达0.37dB/(g·mm^-1) ，是普通LPFG横向负荷灵敏度的9倍左右.利用R-LPFG的温度线性响应特性和独特的横向负荷特性，设计并实验研究了一种动态增益均衡器，用其平坦掺铒光纤放大器增益谱，在C波段32nm范围内，其平坦度小于±0.5dB，可满足实际环境对通信系统的平坦应用要求. 关键词： 光纤通信技术 长周期光纤光栅 动态增益均衡 旋转折变     

An ASE Reduction Filter Using Cascaded Optical Fiber Grating Couplers in EDFA Repeater

A new configuration for an ASE reduction filter in EDFA repeaters for WDM optical transmission systems using optical fiber grating couplers (FGCs) was proposed and first demonstrated. The filtering characteristics of the proposed filter for amplified single wavelength signal and 2-channel WDM signals using EDFA were identified. It was found that the filter was effective to improve SNR in optical domain by reducing ASE noise. The required FGC characteristics for the filter were theoretically predicted under the condition that the total filter loss did not exceed 3 dB. More than 70% of drop efficiency was required in each FGC for the application of the proposed filter to an 8-channel WDM system using EDFA repeaters.     

Nonlinear optical characterization of cluster dynamic in water in oil microemulsion by a pump probe laser beam technique

We present a new pump probe laser beams configuration for the nonlinear optical characterization of microemulsions. We detect the variation of the on-axis optical intensity of the probe beam as generated by the concentration profile induced in an optically thin film of microemulsion by the pump beam. A mathematical model has been introduced to describe the phenomenon. The technique allows the determination of both Kerr-like optical nonlinearity and time constants and, therefore, it gives information both on cluster dimension and their shape. We discuss its application to WAD (water/AOT/decane, where AOT denotes sodium-bis-di-ethyl-sulfosuccinate) with the application of a strong electric field of optical source. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results confirms the presence of giant optical nonlinearity in the absence of turbidity divergence. Chainlike shape of clusters, of the kind already reported with the application of strong electric field, could justify this result. Received 26 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: vicari@na.infn.it     

Symmetry-breaking in local Lyapunov exponents

Integrable dynamical systems, namely those having as many independent conserved quantities as freedoms, have all Lyapunov exponents equal to zero. Locally, the instantaneous or finite time Lyapunov exponents are nonzero, but owing to a symmetry, their global averages vanish. When the system becomes nonintegrable, this symmetry is broken. A parallel to this phenomenon occurs in mappings which derive from quasiperiodic Schr?dinger problems in 1-dimension. For values of the energy such that the eigenstate is extended, the Lyapunov exponent is zero, while if the eigenstate is localized, the Lyapunov exponent becomes negative. This occurs by a breaking of the quasiperiodic symmetry of local Lyapunov exponents, and corresponds to a breaking of a symmetry of the wavefunction in extended and critical states. Received 25 October 2001 / Received in final form 8 December 2001 Published online 2 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: r.ramaswamy@mail.jnu.ac.in     

Implementation of a Nonzero-order Joint Transform Correlator Using Interferometric Technique

The implementation of a nonzero-order joint transform correlator using the double port Mach-Zehnder interferometric technique is proposed and demonstrated. This approach provides on-line processing for directly removing the zero-order components of a joint power spectrum in one step and performs the nonzero-order optical correlation. Experimental results are presented and discussed.     

Splitting of an edge dislocation by an optical vortex

In a linear medium an optical vortex induces the splitting of an edge dislocation into vortices of both topological charges. Their positions and number depend on which of the phase dislocations is shifted from the center of the host beam. Violations of the charge conservation law are discussed.     

清华物理系量子信息研究的新进展

在清华大学物理系成立60周年之际,我们对近年来清华大学物理系量子信息研究的主要进展情况作一介绍,包括量子搜索算法研究,核磁共振量子计算的实验研究,量子通讯的理论与实验研究.在量子搜索算法研究方面,我们提出了量子搜索算法的相位匹配,纠正了当时的一种错误观点,并且提出了一种成功率为100%的量子搜索算法,改进了Grover算法;在核磁共振量子计算实验方面,我们实现了2到7个量子比特的多种量子算法的实验演示;在量子通讯方面,我们提出了分布式传输的量子通讯的思想,应用于量子密钥分配、量子秘密共享、量子直接安全通讯等方面,构造了多个量子通讯的理论方案.在实验室,我们实现了2米距离的空间量子密码通讯的演示实验.