Zero bias anomaly in the density of states of low-dimensional metals

We consider the effect of Coulomb interactions on the average density of states (DOS) of disordered low-dimensional metals for temperatures T and frequencies ω smaller than the inverse elastic life-time 1/τ. Using the fact that long-range Coulomb interactions in two dimensions (2d) generate ln²-singularities in the DOS ν(ω) but only ln-singularities in the conductivity σ(ω), we can re-sum the most singular contributions to the average DOS via a simple gauge-transformation. If σ(ω) > 0, then a metallic Coulomb gapν(ω) ∝ |ω|/e ⁴ appears in the DOS at T = 0 for frequencies below a certain crossover frequency Ω ₂ which depends on the value of the DC conductivity σ(0). Here, - e is the charge of the electron. Naively adopting the same procedure to calculate the DOS in quasi 1d metals, we find ν(ω) ∝ (|ω|/Ω ₁)^1/2exp(- Ω ₁/|ω|) at T = 0, where Ω ₁ is some interaction-dependent frequency scale. However, we argue that in quasi 1d the above gauge-transformation method is on less firm grounds than in 2d. We also discuss the behavior of the DOS at finite temperatures and give numerical results for the expected tunneling conductance that can be compared with experiments. Received 28 August 2001 / Received in final form 28 January 2002 Published online 9 July 2002     

Generation of 3rd and 5th harmonics in a thin superconducting film by temperature oscillations and isothermal nonlinear current response

The generation of harmonics of the voltage response is considered when an AC current is applied through a superconducting film above T_c. It is shown that almost at all temperatures the mechanism of the temperature oscillations created by the AC current and the temperature dependence of the resistance dominates over the isothermal nonlinear electric conductivity. Only in a narrow critical region close to T_c the latter is essential for the generation of the harmonics. A detailed investigation of harmonics generation provides an accurate method for measuring the thermal boundary conductance between the film and the insulating substrate. The critical behaviour of the third harmonic will give a new method for the determination of the lifetime of metastable Cooper pairs above T_c. The comparison of the calculated fifth harmonics of the voltage with the experiment is proposed as an important test for the applicability of the employed theoretical models. Received 8 September 2001     

抽运激光在光靶中的局域及其对X射线激光特性的影响

新型X射线靶设计为:由SiO2和TiO2组成具有12个周期的一维光子晶体,在它的中间嵌入光靶材料层作为缺陷层,SiO2,TiO2和光靶层的光学厚度分别为λ4、λ4和λ2,λ为抽运激光波长.与普通平板光靶相比,当抽运光垂直照射到这种光靶时,靶层内部的光强将提高2个数量级,所以抽运激光的阈值强度将降低2个数量级,这有利于X射线激光的小型化.在同样的抽运激光照射下,X射线激光的强度将提高4个数量级,转换效率也将提高约4个数量级.由于平均电离度随抽运激光强度的提高而提高,所以采用这种光靶有利于使X射线激光向短波长推进. 关键词： X射线激光 光子晶体 光波局域     

Evolution of geometrical structures,stabilities and electronic properties of neutral and anionic Li n Cu λ (n = 1–9, λ = 0, −1) clusters: compare with pure lithium clusters

The structural evolution, stabilities, and electronic properties of copper-doped lithium Li _n Cu^λ (n?=?1–9, λ?=?0, ?1) clusters have been systematically investigated using a density functional method at PW91PW91 level. Extensive searches for ground-state structures were carried out, and the results showed the copper tends to occupy the most highly coordinated position and form the largest probable number of bonds with lithium atoms. By calculating the binding energies per atom, fragmentation energies and the HOMO-LOMO gaps, we found LiCu, Li₇Cu, LiCu^?, Li₂Cu^? and Li₈Cu^? clusters have the stronger relative stability and enhanced chemical stability. The content and pattern of frontier MOs for the most stable doped isomers were analysed to investigate the bond nature of interaction among Li and Cu atoms. The results show some σ-type and π-type bonds are formed among them, and with small admixture of the Cu d characters. To achieve a deep insight into the electron localization and reliable electronic structure information, the natural population analysis and electron localization function were performed and discussed.     

Transport dynamics of an interacting binary Bose Einstein condensate in an incommensurate optical lattice

We investigate the transport dynamics of an interacting binary Bose-Einstein condensate in an incommensurate optical lattice and predict a novel splitting of a matter wavepacket induced by disorder potential and inter-species interaction. The effect of atomic interaction on the dynamics of the mobile and localized atoms are also studied in detail. We also discuss the behavior of the balanced and inbalanced mixtures in the incommensurate optical lattice.     

AN EFFECTIVE TWO-LEVEL CHANNEL FOR AN IMPURITY IN A SUPERLATTICE

The eigenstates and eigenspectrum of a charged particle in a one-dimensional semiconductor superlattice with an impurity under the action of a dc electric field are investigated employing the single-band tight-binding model. We find that the system undergoes a series of avoided crossings, at which resonant oscillations between the impurity and its nearest neighbour occur if appropriate conditions are met, suggesting an effective two-level approximation. This phenomenon shows that introducing an impurity in a perfect lattice provides a promising structure for the observation of terahertz radiation.     

Universality of a dynamical percolative approach to 1/f γ noise

A dynamical percolative model explaining the universality of 1/ f ^γ noise is reported. Exponents γ ranging from 0 to 2 are obtained under the hypothesis that noise originates from random switching events between two ON-OFF states in elemental parts (switchers) of a physical system. The usual noise behaviour with γ very close to 1 in an arbitrarily wide frequency range is obtained assuming a statistical distribution of switcher relaxation time τ proportional to τ ^-1 , as in McWhorter's model. The impact of these results with respect to recent self-organised criticality models is discussed. Received 6 November 2000 and Received in final form 22 May 2001     

二维各向同性均匀随机介质中平面波的传播及其局域性

讨论了二维各向同性均匀随机介质中平面波的传播及其局域性.假设二维随机介质具有各向同性窄带高斯谱,运用随机泛函理论给出了二维介质中随机平面驻波的解析近似解及其幅度和相位的定量统计特性.计算结果证实了波在随机介质中传播时的局域性.将二维介质中的平面波和柱面波的传播特性作了对比.数值结果模拟了二维随机介质场及平面驻波,并验证了本文结果的正确性. 关键词： 随机介质 随机泛函 平面波 局域性     

Corkscrew振荡引起的发射度增长

 用解析方法来确定由二种因素引起的Corkscrew振荡所造成的归一发射度增长的表达式。这二种因素是电子束的非理想注入以及聚焦磁场相对于系统轴的随机偏斜。     

ZnCdTe-ZnTe多量子阱的电场效应

本文报导了电场作用下ZnCdTe-ZnTe多量子阱的激子发光特性.用激子局域化的观点解释了激子发光峰随电场增强而增强的现象.在Zn0.8Cd0.2Te-ZnTe多量子阱中观察到了电场作用下自由激子发光谱峰较大的红移和较快的发光淬灭