High‐Resolution Separation of Oligo(acrylic acid) by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Summary: Oligo(acrylic acid)s, produced by RAFT polymerization, have been separated and analyzed for the first time by capillary zone electrophoresis. The resolution obtained by capillary electrophoresis in borate buffers is far higher than that currently achieved using size exclusion chromatography. This work demonstrates that capillary electrophoresis is the technique of choice for the characterization of oligomers of acrylic acid and of other water‐soluble monomers involved in emulsion polymerization processes.

Electropherograms of different acrylic acid (AA) oligomers obtained by CZE.     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法检测水解植物蛋白调味液中的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇及其应用

运用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法研究了水解植物蛋白液中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)含量的测定。探索了3-MCPD检测的最佳电泳条件。以328 μm的铜圆盘电极为工作电极,在电极电位为+0.65 V(参比电极为饱和甘汞电极),检测池缓冲液为0.05 mol/L氢氧化钠,运行缓冲液为30 mmol/L硼砂(pH 9.24)时,3-MCPD能被很好地分离。3-MCPD的线性范围为6.6~200 mg/L,检测限为0.22 mg/L。研究了水解缓冲液的pH值、水解温度、水解时间等因素对3-MCPD水解反应的影响,用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法检测水解反应过程中3-MCPD的含量。结果表明,在pH 8.0的水解缓冲液中,将水解植物蛋白调味液前体于90 ℃条件下恒温加热1 h,能有效地控制3-MCPD的含量在1.0 mg/kg以下,从而达到我国食品安全允许的限量标准。     

毛细管电泳和毛细管电色谱技术在农药残留检测中的应用

由于毛细管电泳（CE）和毛细管电色谱（CEC）具有所需样品体积小、分离效率高等特点,越来越多的学者已将它们应用到农药残留（简称农残）检测中,并将它们同各种不同的检测器以及样品浓缩方法相结合,以提高检测的灵敏度。本文对CE和CEC两种方法中所涉及的常见的样品预浓缩方法进行了简要的介绍。对各种不同类型的检测器（如紫外检测、荧光检测、电化学检测以及质谱检测等）的优缺点及其在农残检测中的应用情况进行了评述;同时对手性农药的CE和CEC分离检测情况进行了特别介绍;并对CE和CEC在农残分析与检测中的应用前景进行了展望。     

采用二维气相色谱及毛细管色谱柱分析汽油中苯和甲苯的含量

采用微板流路控制技术(Deans Switch)和常见的商品毛细管柱HP-5 (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm)和Rtx-TCEP (30 m×0.25 mm×0.4 μm),建立了一种全新的分析车用汽油中苯和甲苯含量的二维气相色谱方法。用该方法分析汽油中0～5%的苯和0～20%的甲苯,两者校正曲线的线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9999;标准样品5次重复测定的相对标准偏差均小于1.5%;车用汽油实际样品中苯和甲苯的加标回收率在96.8%～103.8%之间。车用汽油实际样品测定结果和SH/T 0713-2002标准方法测定结果一致。该方法是车用汽油中苯和甲苯含量测定的一种简便快捷、准确可靠的分析方法。     

免疫亲和毛细管电泳的研究进展

免疫亲和毛细管电泳方法结合了免疫分析的高特异性和毛细管电泳分离的高效、快速、样品用量少等优点,是复杂样品中特定组分分析的重要方法之一。激光诱导荧光检测器的使用以及毛细管电泳分离前免疫预富集过程的引入,可以进一步提高分析测定的灵敏度,使其能够用于痕量物质的高灵敏测定。本文结合作者所在课题组的工作,对免疫亲和毛细管电泳的两种主要模式,即均相的毛细管电泳免疫分析(CEIA)和非均相的免疫亲和毛细管电泳(IACE)的研究进展进行了综述。     

A generalized anisotropic hardening rule based on the Mroz multi-yield-surface model for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials

In this paper, a generalized anisotropic hardening rule based on the Mroz multi-yield-surface model for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials is derived. The evolution equation for the active yield surface with reference to the memory yield surface is obtained by considering the continuous expansion of the active yield surface during the unloading/reloading process. The incremental constitutive relation based on the associated flow rule is then derived for a general yield function for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials. Detailed incremental constitutive relations for materials based on the Mises yield function, the Hill quadratic anisotropic yield function and the Drucker–Prager yield function are derived as the special cases. The closed-form solutions for one-dimensional stress–plastic strain curves are also derived and plotted for materials under cyclic loading conditions based on the three yield functions. In addition, the closed-form solutions for one-dimensional stress–plastic strain curves for materials based on the isotropic Cazacu–Barlat yield function under cyclic loading conditions are summarized and presented. For materials based on the Mises and the Hill anisotropic yield functions, the stress–plastic strain curves show closed hysteresis loops under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions and the Masing hypothesis is applicable. For materials based on the Drucker–Prager and Cazacu–Barlat yield functions, the stress–plastic strain curves do not close and show the ratcheting effect under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions. The ratcheting effect is due to different strain ranges for a given stress range for the unloading and reloading processes. With these closed-form solutions, the important effects of the yield surface geometry on the cyclic plastic behavior due to the pressure-sensitive yielding or the unsymmetric behavior in tension and compression can be shown unambiguously. The closed form solutions for the Drucker–Prager and Cazacu–Barlat yield functions with the associated flow rule also suggest that a more general anisotropic hardening theory needs to be developed to address the ratcheting effects for a given stress range.     

Effect of micro-dimple patterns on capillary pull-off force and friction force of silicon surface

A microtribometer is used to measure and compare pull-off forces and friction forces exerted on (a) micro-dimpled silicon surfaces, (b) bare silicon surfaces, and (c) octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treated silicon surfaces at different relative humidity (RH) levels separately. It is found that above a critical RH level, the capillary pull-off force increases abruptly and that the micro-dimple textured surface has a lower critical RH value as well as a higher pull-off force value than the other two surfaces. A micro topography parameter, namely sidewall area ratio, is found to play a major role in controlling the capillary pull-off force. Furthermore, micro-dimpled silicon surface is also proved to be not sensitive to variation in RH level, and can realize a stable and decreased friction coefficient compared with un-textured silicon surfaces. The reservoir-like function of micro dimples is considered to weaken or avoid the breakage effect of liquid bridges at different RH levels, thereby maintaining a stable frictional behaviour.     

图论在离散事件动态系统中的应用

运用图论方法和极大代数方法,研究了非强连通图中的强连通分支的最大圈长平均值与该图的赋权邻接矩阵的特征值之间的关系,并进一步证明了其等价性.     

广西大风子中2个新木脂素的NMR研究

从广西大风子的皮中分离得到两个新木脂素1和2,并通过高分辨质谱和核磁共振确定了其结构. 利用多种二维核磁共振技术,包括HSQC, HMBC, DQF-COSY 和NOESY谱,对其碳氢信号进行了全归属. 毛细管电泳分析显示1和2均为外消旋体.     

The extended trace identity and its application

The trace identity is extended to the general loop algebra. The Hamiltonian structures of the integrable systems concerning vector spectral problems and the multi-component integrable hierarchy can be worked out by using the extended trace identity. As its application, we have obtained the Hamiltonian structures of the Yang hierarchy, the Korteweg-de--Vries (KdV) hierarchy, the multi-component Ablowitz--Kaup--Newell--Segur (M-AKNS) hierarchy, the multi-component Ablowitz--Kaup--Newell--Segur Kaup--Newell (M-AKNS--KN) hierarchy and a new multi-component integrable hierarchy separately.