多元校正流动注射电位滴定法同时测定苯甲酸和山梨酸

将流动注射应用于酸碱电位滴定分析,建立了一种可同时测定混合有机酸的电位滴定新方法。在该方法中,用氢氧化钠与氯化钾的混合溶液作为滴定剂,在流通池中同时插入pH指示电极和氯离子指示电极,在滴定过程中的任一滴定点,流出液的pH值和酸碱的混合比例可由两个电极的电位测定值同时获得,从而可应用多元校正法由相应的滴定曲线求得混合酸中每一种组分的含量。该方法不仅免去了体积和时间读数,而且减少了试剂和样品的消耗量,分析速度快。应用该方法对混合样品中的苯甲酸和水杨酸进行同时测定,其相对标准偏差分别为0．19％～0．37％,回收率分别为97．3％～102．6％。     

Simultaneous estimation of the origin–destination matrices and the parameters of a nested logit model in a combined network equilibrium model

This paper deals with the inverse problem of a type of traffic equilibrium models with combined modes. This problem consists of obtaining a parametrization of the equilibrium model from a set of observations of the outputs for the model. The inputs for the model are an origin–destination (O–D) trip matrix for the various alternatives that have been considered, and a set of parameters for a nested logit model used as a demand model.     

Reductive decomposition of a diazonium intermediate by dithiothreitol affects the determination of NOS turnover rates

Accurate determination of nitrite either as such or as the breakdown product of nitric oxide (NO) is critical in a host of enzymatic reactions in various settings addressing structure-function relationships, as well as mechanisms and kinetics of molecular operation of enzymes. The most common way to quantify nitrite, for instance in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mechanistic investigations, is the spectrophotometric assay based on the Griess reaction through external standard calibration. This assay is based on a two-step diazotization reaction, in which a cationic diazonium derivative of sulfanilamide is formed as intermediate before the final absorbing azo-product. We show that this intermediate is very sensitive to reducing agents that may be transferred from the reaction media under investigation. The interaction of this vital intermediate with the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), which is widely used in NOS reactions, is characterized by both electrochemical and spectroscopic means. The effect of DTT on the performance of external calibration, both in sample recovery studies and in actual NOS reactions, is presented. Finally an alternative method of standard additions, which partially compensates for the accuracy and sensitivity problems of external calibration, is proposed and discussed.     

An improved method of energy calibration for position-sensitive silicon detectors

Energy calibration of resistive charge division-based position-sensitive silicon detectors is achieved by parabolic fitting in the traditional method, where the systematic variations of vertex and curvature of the parabola with energy must be considered. In this paper we extend the traditional method in order to correct the fitting function, simplify the procedure of calibration and improve the experimental data quality. Instead of a parabolic function as used in the traditional method, a new function describing the relation of position and energy is introduced.The energy resolution of the 8.088 Me V α decay of213 Rn is determined to be about 87 ke V(FWHM), which is better than the result of the traditional method, 104 ke V(FWHM). The improved method can be applied to the energy calibration of resistive charge division-based position-sensitive silicon detectors with various performances.     

旋转加速度计重力梯度仪标定方法

提出一种旋转加速度计重力梯度仪标定方法,在重力梯度仪外侧空间确定的四个位置上依次放置一定质量的检测质量体,根据检测质量体在正交位置上引起的重力梯度大小相等,符号相反的关系确定出重力梯度标度系数,采用旋转重力梯度仪本体方式确定出重力梯度零位。给出了重力梯度零位和标度系数计算表达式,在重力梯度半物理仿真系统上进行了仿真试验验证,仿真结果表明,标定后重力梯度测量误差小于1E。     

泵浦光的入射角对参量下转换的影响

利用参量下转换制备相关光子实现对各类探测器的量子效率的定标,是近年来兴起的新型定标技术。由于参量下转换的光子转换效率低,探测器输出信号信噪比小。采用短波激光器泵浦PPLN周期极化性晶体,可获得较大功率的参量光。分析了泵浦光在PPLN晶体端面的入射角对参量光的转换效率、空间分布、参量带宽及晶体周期的影响,并进行了数值模拟。分析发现当泵浦光正入射晶体端面时,参量光功率转换大,带宽小,发散角大;随着泵浦光入射角度逐渐增大,参量下转换的转换效率降低,相关光子的带宽变小,发散角变小且参量光的中心波长的空间位置会发生相对偏移。该研究结果可为相关光子探测、模拟探测器量子效率的高精度定标提供理论依据。     

补强片自动贴片系统高精度手眼标定方法

针对补强片自动贴片系统的手眼标定问题,为了消除相机安装的垂直度偏差带来的误差,提出了一种新的手眼标定方法。使用标定板得到相机的外参数,将外参数与常规的二维标定模型相结合,从而间接计算出相机坐标系与机器人基础坐标系的齐次坐标转换矩阵,使手眼标定模型扩展为三维。三维模型的标定计算误差小于0.1 m,相比二维模型降低了1个数量级,有效提高了标定计算精度。利用厚度较小的菲林修正齐次坐标变换矩阵的Z方向分量,系统具有较高的定位精度,手眼标定的误差绝对值小于0.015 mm,有效减小了误差均值,设备性能得到大幅提高。该方法在系统可控自由度有限的情况下,能够得到手眼标定问题的唯一解,提出的三维模型中包括了相机的完整姿态信息,相比常规的标定方法没有相机安装等额外的限制条件,能有效提高系统的手眼标定精度。     

基于足印探测的激光测高仪在轨标定

高精度的地表目标三维观测结果需要卫星激光测高仪对其系统误差进行定期的在轨标定工作,这包含系统误差的估计和校正以及标定结果的精度检验,现有方式分别通过姿态机动法和足印探测法予以实现.然而,姿态机动方式不适用于我国的卫星平台,传统足印探测方式没有针对系统误差的估计模型,仅能用于标定结果的精度检验.本文推导了基于足印探测方式的激光指向角系统误差估计模型,使得足印探测法能完成包含在轨误差校正以及精度检验的工作闭环,同时对用于激光足印获取的地面能量探测器进行了改进设计.通过设计仿真实验对所推导的误差估计模型进行验证,并量化分析了探测器阵列激光入射角度、标定场地表粗糙度及探测器布设间距等因素对系统误差校正精度的影响.结果表明,若要实现1.8 m的水平定位精度(对应0.6 arcsec激光指向精度),探测器阵列间距达到20 m即可,探测器阵列面的入射角需高于3°,标定场地表粗糙度需小于10 cm.以上结论对我国未来发射GF-7号光学/激光立体测绘卫星具有重要参考价值.     

无创血糖近浮动基准参考测量方法的仿体实验验证

在近红外无创血糖测量中,由葡萄糖引起的信号变化十分微弱,极易受到人体背景、测量仪器、周围环境等变化的影响,限制了无创血糖检测的精度。针对这个问题,提出应用浮动基准位置理论进行背景变异的校正。但是由于个体的差异性与人体环境的复杂多变性,浮动基准位置会因人而异。通过对人体手掌三层皮肤模型进行蒙特卡洛模拟,发现其在1 000～1 700 nm近红外波段的浮动基准位置基本处于距光源径向距离2 mm附近。为了提高浮动基准位置理论在不同人体之间的适用性,提出了一种近浮动基准参考测量方法,即以径向距离2 mm处作为参考位置进行背景干扰的修正,并通过仿体实验验证其效果。选取与人体手掌皮肤模型的浮动基准位置较为接近的2%和3%浓度的Intralipid仿体溶液进行实验。实验结果表明近浮动基准修正法可以消减光源漂移对测量结果的影响,提高数据的重复性和稳定性;同时通过对不同葡萄糖含量的2%和3%浓度的Intralipid溶液进行多次漫反射信号采集并建立葡萄糖浓度预测模型,发现修正后的回归模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别降低了38.51%~79.98%和29.72%~52.22%,说明该方法能够比较有效地消除两个测量位置处共同的背景干扰,提高校正模型的预测精度。仿体实验验证的结果,为下一步近浮动基准参考测量方法的在体测量提供了有力的支撑。