大豆多糖对尿石矿物草酸钙形成的调控作用

采用水提法从大豆中提取了大豆多糖(SPS),其多糖百分含量为97.38%;平均相对分子质量为115,200,羧基百分含量为13.8%。采用X射线衍射法(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)研究了水溶性大豆多糖(SPS)对草酸钙晶体生长的调控作用。SPS大豆多糖不但可以抑制一水草酸钙(COM)晶体的聚集,而且可以诱导二水草酸钙(COD)晶体形成。当SPS浓度由0增大到0.50g·L-1时,草酸钙晶体由COM完全转变为COD晶体;并且随着多糖浓度的增大,溶解在溶液中的钙离子(可溶性钙)浓度显著增加,草酸钙沉淀的物质的量逐渐减少。这些结果表明,SPS有望成为预防草酸钙结石的一种绿色药物。     

Transglutaminase 2 inhibits apoptosis induced by calciumoverload through down-regulation of Bax

An abrupt increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ is observed in cells under hypoxic or oxidatively stressed conditions. The dysregulated increase of cytosolic Ca²⁺ triggers apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial swelling and activation of Ca²⁺-dependent enzymes. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a Ca²⁺-dependent enzyme that catalyzes transamidation reaction producing cross-linked and polyaminated proteins. TG2 activity is known to be involved in the apoptotic process. However, the pro-apoptotic role of TG2 is still controversial. In this study, we investigate the role of TG2 in apoptosis induced by Ca²⁺-overload. Overexpression of TG2 inhibited the {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"A23187","term_id":"833253","term_text":"A23187"}}A23187-induced apoptosis through suppression of caspase-3 and -9 activities, cytochrome c release into cytosol, and mitochondria membrane depolarization. Conversely, down-regulation of TG2 caused the increases of cell death, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c in cytosol in response to Ca²⁺-overload. Western blot analysis of Bcl-2 family proteins showed that TG2 reduced the expression level of Bax protein. Moreover, overexpression of Bax abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of TG2, indicating that TG2-mediated suppression of Bax is responsible for inhibiting cell death under Ca²⁺-overloaded conditions. Our findings revealed a novel anti-apoptotic pathway involving TG2, and suggested the induction of TG2 as a novel strategy for promoting cell survival in diseases such as ischemia and neurodegeneration.     

阈下激励与噪声联合作用下肝细胞系统的内钙时空随机共振问题

研究阈下周期信号激励对耦合肝细胞系统内钙离子浓度（［Ca²⁺］)的时空随机共振性质的影响.当阈下激励的频率等于确定性系统在Hopf分岔点附近的频率时,它就会极大地提高随机耦合系统内发生［Ca²⁺］喷发的细胞的比例,通过对喷发比的自相关函数计算得知阈下激励增强了系统在高斯白噪声作用下［Ca²⁺］的时间共振性.通过数值模拟得知,对于不同耦合强度,都存在最优噪声强度使得随机系统内［Ca²⁺］时间共振达到最佳,并且随着细胞间耦 关键词： 钙振动 噪声 阈下激励 随机共振     

基于粗粒化分子动力学的自由水与水化硅酸钙孔隙水冻结模拟

水化硅酸钙是水泥基材料的主要水化产物,其孔隙内的水分是影响水泥基材料抗冻性的主要因素。本文基于粗粒化分子动力学方法研究水化硅酸钙孔隙水的冻结机制,针对水的粗粒化P₄粒子和水化硅酸钙胶体颗粒,建立了水化硅酸钙孔隙水的冻结模型。根据此模型计算了不同孔径孔隙水冰点,分析了水泥基材料孔径孔隙在冻融破坏中的危害程度;模拟得到了水化硅酸钙孔隙内水的冻结分布特征和密度分布特征。研究工作表明,本文建立的模型有效提高了分子动力学模拟水化硅酸钙孔隙水冻结问题的规模,为后续进行水泥基材料的冻融破坏分析提供了研究基础。     

Biofilm Medium Chemistry and Calcium Oxalate Morphogenesis

The present study is focused on the effect of biofilm medium chemistry on oxalate crystallization and contributes to the study of the patterns of microbial biomineralization and the development of nature-like technologies, using the metabolism of microscopic fungi. Calcium oxalates (weddellite and whewellite in different ratios) were synthesized by chemical precipitation in a weakly acidic environment (pH = 4–6), as is typical for the stationary phase of micromycetes growth, with a ratio of Ca²⁺/C₂O₄²⁻ = 4.0–5.5, at room temperature. Additives, which are common for biofilms on the surface of stone in an urban environment (citric, malic, succinic and fumaric acids; and K⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Sr²⁺, SO₄²⁺, PO₄³⁺ and CO₃²⁺ ions), were added to the solutions. The resulting precipitates were studied via X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). It was revealed that organic acids, excreted by micromicetes, and some environmental ions, as well as their combinations, significantly affect the weddellite/whewellite ratio and the morphology of their phases (including the appearance of tetragonal prism faces of weddellite). The strongest unique effect leading to intensive crystallization of weddellite was only caused by the presence of citric acid additive in the medium. Minor changes in the composition of the additive components can lead to significant changes in the weddellite/whewellite ratio. The effect of the combination of additives on this ratio does not obey the law of additivity. The content of weddellite in the systems containing a representative set of both organic acids and environmental ions is ~20 wt%, which is in good agreement with natural systems.     

微波消解-ICP-OES测定蜂花粉中钙元素的含量

采用微波消解-ICP-OES法测定了4种蜂花粉中钙元素的含量,测定用标准曲线方程为：y=129．89 x-19．367,线性相关系数r=0．9998。结果表明,蜂花粉中含有大量的钙元素,4种蜂花粉中钙元素测定最高质量分数为1399mg／kg,最低质量分数为1171mg／kg,平均质量分数为1302．5mg／kg,可见蜂花粉是极具保健价值的营养品。     

焦磷酸盐-磷酸盐复合催化剂高效催化乳酸脱水制丙烯酸

利用沉淀法制得焦磷酸盐与磷酸盐在浆状态下复配制备成复合催化剂,并用于催化乳酸脱水制丙烯酸.实验发现催化剂的组成对乳酸的转化率及丙烯酸的选择性有着重要的影响,当磷酸盐/焦磷酸盐质量比在30∶70～50∶50范围内,可以获得较高的乳酸的转化率和丙烯酸的选择性.催化反应条件如反应温度,乳酸进料浓度,液空速也被详细地进行了考察.此外,考察了该复合催化剂的稳定性.当催化剂连续运行56 h后,乳酸的转化率保持在96%以上,丙烯酸的选择性也高达57%.为了进一步揭示催化剂的结构与催化性能之间的关系,利用X射线粉末衍射、热重、扫描电镜和傅立叶红外等对催化剂进行了表征.     

不同模拟体液中水化硅酸三钙固化体的体外生物活性行为(英文)

研究水了化硅酸三钙(Ca3SiO5,C3S)固化体的体外生物活性行为。结果表明,干C3S固化体中含有23.97wt%的Ca(OH)2,Ca(OH)2的溶解导致模拟体液(Simulated Body Fluids,SBF)的pH值上升;磷灰石颗粒优先诱导沉积于C3S固化体表面,随后碳酸钙和磷灰石颗粒共同沉积于C3S固化体表面;HCO3-是SBF模拟体液内主要的缓冲离子;Ca(OH)2碳化和CaCO3沉积主要导致SBF的pH值下降。由于离子交换作用的减弱,C3S固化体表面最终被磷灰石完全覆盖,磷灰石的沉积促使SBF的pH值进一步降低。因此,对于C3S和其衍生材料的体外生物活性和生物相容性必须考虑到HCO3-在体内的实际含量和行为。     

L-半胱氨酸自组装膜诱导草酸钙结晶研究

在CaCl2.H2O和Na2C2O4配制的过饱和溶液中,利用L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)在金片上形成的自组装膜为模板,研究了草酸钙(CaOxa)在自组装膜上的结晶行为,并探讨了溶液pH对CaOxa晶体组成、晶型及其形貌的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术对CaOxa晶体的结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明:当溶液pH=3.0时,溶液中可以形成一水草酸钙(CaC2O4.H2O,COM)和二水草酸钙(CaC2O4.2H2O,COD)晶体,而在同样pH条件下,在L-Cys自组装膜上只形成COD晶体,表明自组装单层对CaOxa晶体的成核和生长有重要影响。通过改变溶液的pH,在自组装单层上可以得到不同晶型和不同形状的CaOxa晶体。当pH=3.0时得到四方块状的COD晶体,而pH=5.0和pH=7.0时分别得到六边形和拉长六边形的COM晶体。     

磷酸一氢钙在甲醇中转化为β-磷酸三钙纳米晶的研究

以一水合醋酸钙、浓磷酸为原料,采用湿化学合成法预先合成磷酸一氢钙(CMHP),在室温将其浸泡于定期更换的无水甲醇中,经过72 h的浸泡,CMHP转化为β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)纳米晶。对所得样品分别进行X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、激光拉曼散射光谱(Raman)以及透射电镜(TEM)表征,结果表明,所得短棒状β-TCP的晶粒长度在30~60 nm之间;CMHP电离产生的氢离子通过CMHP和甲醇之间的界面层,进入甲醇本体,促使CMHP的电离以及向β-TCP的晶型转化,这种晶型转化不经过无定形态而直接转化为β-TCP纳米晶。