Solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave in liquid with nitrogen — carbon dioxide bubbles in a presence of surfactant

The processes of solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave of moderate amplitude were studied experimentally in water with bubbles of nitrogen — carbon dioxide mixture at different initial static pressures in the medium and surfactant concentrations. It is shown that these bubbles do not affect significantly the processes of solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave during the considered periods. The hypothesis about partial hydration of nitrogen from the gas mixture at intense formation of carbon dioxide hydrate was suggested for the conditions, when the pressure behind the wave is less than the equilibrium pressure of nitrogen hydrate formation at a given temperature. The work was financially supported by the President of RF (NSh-3417.2008.8) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 06-08-00657).     

A mesoscopic model for (de)wetting

We present a mesoscopic model for simulating the dynamics of a non-volatile liquid on a solid substrate. The wetting properties of the solid can be tuned from complete wetting to total non-wetting. This model opens the way to study the dynamics of drops and liquid thin films at mesoscopic length scales of the order of the nanometer. As particular applications, we analyze the kinetics of spreading of a liquid drop wetting a solid substrate and the dewetting of a liquid film on a hydrophobic substrate. In all these cases, very good agreement is found between simulations and theoretical predictions.     

含混合气泡液体中声波共振传播的抑制效应

当声波在含气泡的液体中传播时会出现共振传播现象,即在气泡的共振频率附近声衰减和声速会显著地增大,这是声空化领域的一个重要现象.以往的研究一般假设液体中只存在单一种类的气泡,因此忽略了声波共振传播的某些重要信息.本文研究了含混合气泡液体中声波的共振传播,混合气泡是指液体中包含多种静态半径不同的气泡.结果显示:在这种系统中存在声波共振传播的抑制效应,即与含单一种类气泡的系统相比,在含混合气泡的系统中声波的共振衰减和共振声速会明显变小.对于两种气泡混合、多种气泡混合以及气泡满足某种连续分布的系统,研究了抑制效应的本质和主要特征,此外还探究了黏性和空化率等对抑制效应的影响.本文的研究结果是对该领域现有知识的必要补充.     

声场中空化气泡的耦合振动及形状不稳定性的研究

计算了两个具有非球形扰动的气泡所组成系统的能量,并基于Lagrange方程得到了有声相互作用的非球形气泡的动力学方程和形状稳定性方程,研究了声场中非球形气泡间相互作用力对非球形气泡的形状不稳定性和气泡形状模态振幅的影响.研究结果表明声场中具有非球形扰动的气泡之间的耦合方式有两种:形状耦合模式和径向耦合模式,气泡之间的耦合方式取决于气泡形状扰动模态.由形状耦合及径向耦合产生的气泡之间的相互作用力能够改变单个气泡的形状不稳定及形状模态振幅,具体影响因素取决于声场驱动条件、气泡形状模态、相邻气泡的初始半径.     

Spreading of diblock copolymer droplets: A probe of polymer micro-rheology

We present an experimental study of the spreading dynamics of symmetric diblock copolymer droplets above and below the order-disorder transition. Disordered diblock droplets are found to spread as a homopolymer and follow Tanner’s law (the radius grows as R ∼ t ^m , where t is time and m = 1/10 . However, droplets that are in the ordered phase are found to be frustrated by the imposed lamellar microstructure. This frustration is likely at the root of the observed deviation from Tanner’s law: droplet spreading has a much slower power law ( m ∼ 0.05±0.01 . We show that the different spreading dynamics can be reconciled with conventional theory if a strain-rate-dependent viscosity is taken into account.     

Drastic acceleration of fibrillation of insulin by transient cavitation bubble

Amyloid-fibril formation of proteins can be accelerated by ultrasonic irradiation to the peptide solutions. Although this phenomenon contributes to understanding pathogenic behavior of amyloidosis, its physical mechanism has not been clarified, because several factors (cavitation, temperature increase, stirring effect, and so on) related to ultrasonic irradiation can participate in the fibrillation reaction. Here, we independently study contributions of the possible factors, using insulin, which is extremely stable and then suitable for the mechanism clarification. We find that the optimized ultrasonic irradiation can drastically accelerate the fibrillation reaction; the time for completing the reaction is shortened compared with the high-speed (1200 rpm) stirring agitation by a factor of 430. The fibrillation reaction proceeds only when the subharmonic-mode intensity exceeds a threshold, indicating generation of the transient cavitation bubbles. Our results reveal that not the temperature increase but the transient cavitation bubbles work as the dominant accelerator of the fibrillation reaction.     

气泡群的动态物理特性研究

假设气泡周围流场为无黏、无旋、不可压缩的理想流体,建立气泡群相互作用的三维数值模型.将多极快速傅里叶变换方法(FFTM)与高阶边界元法(HOBEM)相结合求解气泡群的运动,在达到同样计算精度时显著加快了边界积分方程的求解速度,可以在合理的时间内模拟气泡群的动态物理特性.同时为维持气泡群模拟过程中的数值稳定性,引入了弹性网格技术(EMT),并用算例验证了数值模型及算法的有效性.基于建立的数值模型,研究了不同组合的气泡群之间的相互作用,模拟和解释了各类气泡运动的物理现象,讨论了影响气泡群膨胀、坍塌、迁移及射流 关键词： 气泡群 FFTM 射流 三维     

Synergistic Treatment of Congo Red Dye with Heat Treated Low Rank Coal and Micro-Nano Bubbles

In this study, the adsorption method and micro-nano bubble (MNB) technology were combined to improve the efficiency of organic pollutant removal from dye wastewater. The adsorption properties of Congo red (CR) on raw coal and semi-coke (SC) with and without MNBs were studied. The mesoporosity of the coal strongly increased after the heat treatment, which was conducive to the adsorption of macromolecular organics, such as CR, and the specific surface area increased greatly from 2.787 m²/g to 80.512 m²/g. MNBs could improve the adsorption of both raw coal and SC under different pH levels, temperatures and dosages. With the use of MNBs, the adsorption capacity of SC reached 169.49 mg/g, which was much larger than that of the raw coal at 15.75 mg/g. The MNBs effectively reduced the adsorption time from 240 to 20 min. In addition, the MNBs could ensure the adsorbent maintained a good adsorption effect across a wide pH range. The removal rate was above 90% in an acidic environment and above 70% in an alkaline environment. MBs can effectively improve the rate of adsorption of pollutants by adsorbents. SC was obtained from low-rank coal through a rapid one-step heating treatment and was used as a kind of cheap adsorbent. The method is thus simple and easy to implement in the industrial context and has the potential for industrial promotion.     

Single bubble sonoluminescence--a chemist's overview.

The phenomenon of sonoluminescence has been known for over 60 years but it is only over the last few years that a better understanding of its origins has emerged. In part the discovery of single bubble sonoluminescence, just over 10 years ago, has been a major contributor to the theoretical advances that have been made to account for the event. This Minireview is from the perspective of a physical chemist and considers the progress that has been made in understanding the role of solutes in affecting the sonoluminescence from a solution exposed to ultrasound. The physicochemical properties of solutes that are important in controlling both single bubble and multibubble sonoluminescence are discussed.     

中能高浓度氦离子注入对钨微观结构的影响

采用15 keV, 剂量1×10¹⁷/cm², 温度为600 ℃氦离子注入钨, 分别以块体钨研究氦离子对钨的表面损伤; 以超薄的钨透射电镜样品直接注入氦离子, 研究该条件下钨的微观结构变化, 以了解氦离子与钨的相互作用过程; 采用扫描电子显微镜、聚焦离子束扫描显微镜、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜等分析手段研究氦离子注入对钨表面显微结构的影响及氦泡在钨微观结构演化中的作用.