Far infrared sub-nanosecond pulse generation in GaP with a time-synchronized mode-locked double-frequency Nd: Glass laser system

Light pulses of 149 m wavelength and 700 ps duration are generated by non-collinear phase-matched difference frequency mixing of laser pulses at 1053.5 and 1061 nm in a (110) cut GaP crystal. The pump laser pulses are generated in a time-synchronized mode-locked double-frequency Nd:glass laser system consisting of a silicate glass branch and a phosphate glass branch. A photon conversion efficiency of 4 × 10^–6 is achieved. The non-linear susceptibility constant of GaP is determined to be d ₁₄ = (10 ± 1) pm V^–1.     

Interaction of intense laser pulses with hydrogen atomic clusters

The interaction between intense femtosecond laser pulses and hydrogen atomic clusters is studied by a simplified Coulomb explosion model. The dependences of average proton kinetic energy on cluster size, pulse duration, laser intensity and wavelength are studied respectively. The calculated results indicate that the irradiation of a femtosecond laser of longer wavelength on hydrogen atomic clusters may be a simple, economical way to produce highly kinetic hydrogen ions. The phenomenon suggests that the irradiation of femtosecond laser of longer wavelength on deuterium atomic clusters may be easier than that of shorter wavelength to drive nuclear fusion reactions. The product of the laser intensity and the squared laser wavelength needed to make proton energy saturated as a function of the squared cluster radius is also investigated. The proton energy distribution calculated is also shown and compared with the experimental data. Our results are in agreement with the experimental results fairly well.     

Coherent control of non-resonant two-photon transition in molecular system

In this paper,we study theoretically and experimentally the coherent control of non-resonant two-photon transition in a molecular system (Perylene dissolved in chloroform solution) by shaping the femtosecond pulses with simple phase patterns (cosinusoidal and π phase step-function shape).The control efficiency of the two-photon transition probability is correlated with both the laser field and the molecular absorption bandwidth.Our results demonstrate that,the two-photon transition probability in a molecular system can be reduced but not completely eliminated by manipulating the laser field,and the control efficiency is minimal when the molecular absorption bandwidth is larger than twice the laser spectral bandwidth.     

Optical and mechanical properties of AlF3 films produced by pulse magnetron sputtering of Al targets with CF4/O2 gas

In this study, AlF₃ thin films were deposited by pulse magnetron sputtering of Al targets with different ratios of CF₄/O₂ gas and at different sputtering powers. The optical and mechanical properties of the AlF₃ thin films were analyzed. The transmittance spectra showed no obvious negative inhomogeneous refractive indices. Denser films with a low optical absorption were obtained when high sputtering powers were used (larger than 30 W). The lowest extinction coefficient (7.3 × 10⁻⁴ at 193 nm) of the films can be reached with 12 sccm O₂ flow rate and at 160W sputtering power. All of the residual stresses were compressive and their trends were consistent with the refractive indices. The lowest compressive stress (0.068 GPa) was obtained when the AlF₃ films were prepared at 160W sputtering power.     

直流固态继电器电磁脉冲失效模式实验研究

采用电流注入法对某型直流固态继电器输入端与输出端的电磁脉冲损伤机制及失效模式进行了实验研究,结果表明：输入端注入电磁脉冲信号时,输出端会产生误动作,并可造成输入电路中三极管BE节产生短路损伤,导致输入端施加控制信号时输出端无法导通;输出端注入电磁脉冲信号时,可造成输出电路中MOSFET管的栅极和漏极产生短路损伤,导致输出端短路。     

高功率光子晶体光纤放大器内超短脉冲的放大传输特性

由速率方程和功率传输方程得到信号脉冲平均功率和增益系数随脉冲传输距离的变化关系.利用Ginzburg-landau方程,在信号脉冲功率的不断增强和增益系数的不断变化的情况下,研究超短脉冲的传输演化特性,发现信号脉冲平均功率、能量和增益系数等参量受到色散和非线性效应的影响相对较小,而信号脉冲的峰值功率、时域和频域特性则易受到色散和非线性效应的影响.探讨了在非线性作用下,脉冲分裂和展宽等所导致的脉宽不稳定性对传输特性的影响,表明研究脉冲传输问题时,引入脉宽不稳定性有利于提高数值模拟准确度.     

Detection of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) by turbo spectroscopic imaging

Turbo spectroscopic imaging (TSI) is a spin echo spectroscopic imaging technique in which two or more echoes are acquired per excitation to reduce the acquisition time. The application of TSI has primarily been limited to the detection of uncoupled spins because the signal from coupled spins is modulated as a function of echo time. In this work we demonstrate how the TSI sequence can be modified to observe spins like the C₂ protons of Glx (≈3.75 ppm) which are involved solely in weak-coupling interactions. The technique exploits the chemical shift displacement effect by employing TSI refocusing pulses that have bandwidths which are less than the chemical shift difference between the target spins and the spins to which they are weakly coupled. The modified TSI sequence rewinds the J-evolution of the target protons in the slice of interest independently of the echo time or echo spacing, thereby removing any signal variation between successive echoes (apart from T₂ relaxation effects). In this study we tailored the narrow-bandwidth TSI sequence for observation of the C₂ Glx protons. The echo time was experimentally optimized to minimize signal contamination from myo-inositol, and the efficacy of the method was verified on phantom solutions of Glx and on brain in vivo.     

脉冲X射线剂量率测量不确定度分析

“强光一号”短脉冲高能X射线剂量率测量,主要包括脉冲射线总剂量与脉冲射线时间宽度的测量,前者采用热释光剂量计测量,后者采用PIN半导体探测器记录。根据不确定度传递数学模型,分析了影响X射线剂量和脉冲宽度测量结果的因素。针对“强光一号”短脉冲高能X射线测量,定量地给出了各种因素引入的测量不确定度,总剂量测量是影响剂量率测量准确性的决定性因素,其相对标准不确定度为25.1％,脉冲宽度测量不确定度为3.7％,剂量率测量扩展不确定度为50.8%,置信概率95%。     

Laser-induced changes in titanium by femtosecond,picosecond and millisecond laser ablation

In order to realize the qualitative control of the laser-induced changes trend and the quantitative control of the laser-induced changes range in titanium upon laser irradiation with different pulse duration, comparative ablation experiments by femtosecond, picosecond and millisecond pulsed lasers were carried out on titanium in this study. Then the final surface morphology, aspect ratio, chemical composition and microstructural state of the ablated titanium were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The dependency of the morphology, size, composition and microstructure of ablated titanium on laser pulse duration variation were emphatically discussed. It is found that, as the laser pulse duration increases from femtosecond to millisecond scale, surface morphology quality of ablated titanium gets worse, aspect ratio of microgroove decreases, proportion of titanium oxides in final ablation products becomes larger and the microstructural state of ablated titanium has a higher amorphization degree, which can be attributed to the decreased laser intensity per pulse and enhanced heat conduction effect in titanium with the pulse duration increasing.     

Comparative study of p‐amino benzhydrazide and m‐amino benzhydrazide by free radicals and free electron transfer

The bimolecular electron transfer from p‐amino benzhydrazide (PABH) and its meta‐derivative (m‐amino benzhydrazide (MABH)) to specific one‐electron oxidant results in the formation of anilino radical. In case of PABH, reaction with ^?OH radicals results in the synchronous formation of adduct as well as anilino radical. The interesting observation is that the yield of the anilino radical increases with increase in pH. The effect of substitution also has a significant effect on the formation of adduct. In case of MABH, significant yield of anilino radical gets form on reaction with ^?OH radical. The free radical electron transfer from PABH and MABH to parent radical cation of non‐polar solvent also results in the formation of anilino radical only suggesting that the radical cation of PABH and MABH has short life time. The above results were supported by quantum chemical calculations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.