猝发双脉冲直线感应加速器组元研究

在原单脉冲直线感应加速器（LIA）组元的基础上，利用电缆延时和电缆反射两种方式获得了间隔500～1 000 ns的猝发双脉冲输出。在感应加速腔上进行了双脉冲实验，获得了幅度大于200 kV、前沿小于35 ns、平顶大于60 ns的双脉冲加速电压波形。两种方式中第一个脉冲的前沿和幅度都达到了原单脉冲组元的水平，表明加速腔负载的变化对波形没有明显影响，但由于电缆对波形的损耗，第二个脉冲的幅度和前沿比第一个脉冲略差。可以利用水介质传输线来代替长电缆，减小传输线的长度及其对波形的损耗。两个脉冲间的幅度差异可以通过改变长电缆的阻抗来调节。实验表明，通过这两种猝发双脉冲的产生方式并结合加速腔磁芯的改进，可简单高效地完成原单脉冲LIA的双脉冲改造。     

Dissimilar autogenous full penetration welding of superalloy K418 and 42CrMo steel by a high power CW Nd:YAG laser

Experiments of autogenous laser full penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 3.5 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser welding velocity, flow rate of side-blow shielding gas, defocusing distance were investigated. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness and tensile strength testing. Results show that high quality full penetration laser-welded joint can be obtained by optimizing the welding velocity, flow rate of shielding gas and defocusing distance. The laser-welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of γ-FeCr_0.29Ni_0.16C_0.06 austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and very small amount of super-fine dispersed Ni₃Al γ′ phase and Laves particles as well as MC needle-like carbides distributed in the interdendritic regions. Although the microhardness of the laser-welded seam was lower than that of the base metal, the strength of the joint was equal to that of the base metal and the fracture mechanism showed fine ductility.     

Monte Carlo simulation of nitriding in iron by a mixing technology with laser and plasma beams

A program is modeled to describe nitriding depth by a new mixing laser and plasma beams nitriding (LPN) technique. The model extends the transport of ions in matter (TRIM) program by adding temperature and energy factors into the energy function. The nitriding depths and nitrogen distribution in substrate were calculated by Monte Carlo program. There is a good agreement between calculation and experiment results at different laser energy intensities, scanning velocities and nitrogen ion energies respectively. Moreover, the nitriding process diagrams by LPN technique are shown from calculation results.     

干涉测量用半导体激光器驱动电源

设计了一种可调制的高稳定度半导体激光器驱动电路。该电路的直流稳定度高达1.5×10-5，输出电流在0～200mA内连续可调，长时间工作（12h以上）电流变化小于1μA；在直流基础上注入100kHz～300kHz的调制电流，其调制深度为0～100mA连续可调，可实现在激光干涉测量中对光波频率和光波强度的调制。将该电路驱动的光栅外腔半导体激光器和辅助温度控制电路应用于光干涉测量技术中，得到了功率稳定、波长单一的激光输出，解决了激光器的跳模现象，完成了对远距离微小振动（纳米量级）的测量。     

10－6—10－4m2/s黏度液体中靶受力学作用的测试与分析

通过自行研制的光纤传感器对不同黏度液体中材料靶后的力学作用进行研究，获得了液体黏度变化对等离子体烧蚀力、射流冲击力及空泡生存周期的影响. 实验结果表明：液体黏度相同时，靶材所受冲击力幅值随作用激光能量的增加单调上升；液体黏度增加时，靶材所受的冲击力减小，靶材的空化空蚀程度亦减小；受液体黏度增大的影响，空泡膨胀或收缩过程减缓，相应的生存周期也增大. 此外，对空泡溃灭周期公式进行修正, 结果表明修正后的理论估算值与实验值的一致性较好.     

A volume-amending method to improve mass conservation of level set approach for incompressible two-phase flows

A volume-amending method is developed both to keep the level set function as an algebraic distance function and to preserve the bubble mass in a level set approach for incompressible two-phase flows with the significantly deformed free interface. After the traditional reinitialization procedure, a vol-ume-amending method is added for correcting the position of the interface according to mass loss/gain error until the mass error falls in the allowable range designated in advance. The level set approach with this volume-amending method incorporated has been validated by three test cases: the motion of a single axisymmetrical bubble or drop in liquid, the motion of a two-dimensional water drop falling through the air into a water pool, and the interactional motion of two buoyancy-driven three- dimensional deformable bubbles. The computational results with this volume-amending method in-corporated are in good agreement with the reported experimental data and the mass is well preserved in all cases.     

Nanosecond Time-Gated Spectroscopy of Laser-Ablation Plume of Human Hair to Detect Calcium for Potential Diagnoses

We demonstrate the nanosecond time-gated spectroscopy of plume luminescence in UV laser ablation of human hair. Clear and sharp peaks of calcium ion (Ca⁺) appear in the spectrum although the Ca content is only 0.1% in human hair. Highly sensitive detection of Ca is thus possible. In the experiment, the peak intensity of Ca⁺ was measured for human hair samples of female subjects over a wide range of age, and compared to the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae of the subjects themselves. Our experimental results suggest that this specific spectroscopy has the potential for novel diagnoses including monitoring of daily Ca intake and a screening diagnosis of osteoporosis. The spectroscopic system and time transition of plume-luminescence spectra are also described.     

Effects of dilatational phase transformation on target strength of ceramic materials

The effects of dilatational phase transformation on the target strength of ceramic materials are investigated based on Tate's model. The constitutive behavior of materials in different regions (elastic, cracked, plastic and phase transformation) are taken into account. It is found that, with a proper choice of material parameters, the dilatational phase transformation can increase effectively the target strengthR. This would be of importance in penetration-resistance design. This work is partially supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology     

循环流化床(CFB)煤/焦气化反应的研究Ⅲ.同鼓泡流化床(BFB)气化反应的对比

为了更进一步了解ＣＦＢ气化能力和碳利用率，本文报道了两种煤焦（西山焦煤飞灰，神木煤）以二氧化碳及氧气混合物为气化介质，在小型鼓泡流化床上进行气化反应的研究，并与相同气化条件下的循环流化床气化数据进行了比较。研究结果表明：在相同直径气化反应装置上，相同的气化条件下，循环流化床（ＣＦＢ）的气化碳转化率、气化强度远远高于鼓泡流化床（ＢＦＢ）的气化结果，但ＢＦＢ的煤气中可燃气组成高于ＣＦＢ的。ＣＦＢ气化反应装置更适合于生产中、低热值煤气。     

Analytical approaches to the delta-Eddington model of the radiative transfer through vertically inhomogeneous optical depths

Analytical approaches have been developed for one-dimensional monochromatic delta-Eddington radiative transfer equation through a vertically inhomogeneous medium. They are based on the solution of the Riccati equation that arises from the decoupling of the two-stream radiances, and seek to approximate the exponent functions in the solution as opposed to finding the solution as a whole. Depending on the case, Green–Liouville approximation or other techniques presented in this paper are utilized for finding these exponents. Though developed for atmospheric radiative transfer problems applicable to the global climate change modelling, and for non-invasive medical applications on tissue–light interactions, the techniques considered here are quiet general in nature. Hence, they can also be useful in other boundary value problems of the diffusion type that involve linear second order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients.