稳态双曲流场中液/液混合的粘性液滴哑铃分散模型

通过对稳态双曲流场中液／液混合体系分散相液滴所受分散作用力的分析，建立了粘性液滴的哑铃分散模型．趋于将两粘性液滴分开的分散作用力与粘度比、流场类型和强度、液滴半径、哑铃取向和尺寸有关．该模型解释了流场类型与分散作用的关系．流场类型对液滴的分散具有很大影响，在纯应变拉伸流场中分散作用力是简单剪切流场中的两倍，因而对于液滴的分散，拉伸流场较简单剪切流场更有效，这与以前的实验结论符合．当体系粘度比趋于无穷大时本模型转化为刚性哑铃分散模型     

瞬变流中气泡动力过程研究

微气泡的生成等基础问题制约着鼓泡脱气技术的发展.本文基于对文丘里鼓泡器内流场的研究,对不同雷诺数下的气泡动力特性进行研究,采用大涡模拟和流体体积法相结合的数值模拟方法,对气泡在不同瞬时动态变化流场下的动力特性进行研究,通过分析气泡在不同湍流下的表面积,气泡球度,以及气泡表面所处的湍流应力,计算气泡所受的破坏应力与聚合应...     

Heat capacities of solid polymers

The heat capacity of a solid polymer is governed by the manner in which the internal energy is distributed over the various degrees of freedom. If the internal energy manifests itself in harmonic oscillatory motions, the heat capacity is the sum of contributions of the normal modes of motion. In practice, full frequency data are not generally available for polymers. This paper proposes an empirical method for determining the heat capacities of linear high polymers by the addition of contributions from different chain segments. A survey of heat capacity data for 30 linear high polymers and several copolymer systems has revealed that additivity is usually valid for a temperature range from about 60°K to the glass-transition temperature. A table of heat capacity contributions of a number of polymer constituents is derived which permits the calculation of unknown heat capacities to an accuracy of ±5% or better. In addition, δC_p data for the increase of the heat capacity at the glass-transition temperature were found to agree with the rule of constant heat capacity increase per mole of “bead” proposed 8 years ago.     

Fusion around the barrier for 7Li+12C

Fusion cross-sections for the ⁷Li + ¹²C reaction have been measured at energies above the Coulomb barrier by the direct detection of evaporation residues. The heavy evaporation residues with energies below 3 MeV could not be separated out from the α-particles in the spectrum and hence their contribution was estimated using statistical model calculations. The present work indicates that suppression of fusion cross-sections due to the breakup of ⁷Li may not be significant for ⁷Li + ¹²C reaction at energies around the barrier.     

Investigation of droplet size distribution for liquid-liquid emulsions in Taylor-Couette flows

In this paper, we investigate oil-in-water emulsions in a Taylor-Couette flow. A high-speed camera was employed to record the formation of those emulsions, and image processing was used to obtain the diameter of the droplets. No surfactants were added in order to study the pure effect of the fluid dynamical forces on the droplets. The results for three different oil-in-water emulsions show that the Sauter mean diameter considerably depends on the local shear rate and the material properties and that the droplet size distribution follows a log-normal distribution. We, therefore, propose to express the Sauter mean diameter normalized by Prandtl mixing length in terms of a correlation, which is based on the Kolmogorov turbulence theory. This correlation subsequently depends on the local shear rate and the material properties such as viscosity, density, and interfacial tension. The predictions of the correlation show fairly good agreement with the experimental measurement the Sauter mean diameter. Finally, comparing the predictions of the correlation to the data presented by Eskin et al. [Chem. Eng. Sci. 161 36–47; 2017] shows excellent agreement in the case, where the droplets are larger than the Kolmogorov length scale.     

液滴在气流中破碎的数值分析

液滴的破碎是液体抛撒、破碎和雾化中的一个非常重要的阶段,它直接影响到最终的液滴的尺寸和散布。为了揭示液滴破碎的机理和影响破碎的因素,本文通过应用VOF方法和湍流模型对液滴在气流中的破碎过程进行了数值计算。数值计算得到了与国外实验研究相一致的液滴破碎形状。并根据数值计算的结果,分析了几个特征参数对液滴破碎过程的影响。     

毛细喷孔超高速水射流的脉动及破碎

水切割射流的动力学特性的诸多方面尚未得到认识和理解。本文对毛细喷孔产生的超高压水射流展开可视化研究,分析了常规压力及超高压条件下毛细水射流的液体破碎机制并对超高压毛细射流的脉动现象进行了讨论。常规条件下的毛细射流遵从经典的破碎模式;在超高压条件下,射流完整段呈瑞利模式,完整段以下呈雾化破碎模式,射流集束性呈现周期性变化。结果表明,传统理论不能够表达小孔径时超高速毛细水射流的破碎特性;喷孔内部流动情况如流动分离及空化成为该条件下射流破碎和脉动的重要原因。     

Parallel Breakup of Polymer Drops under Simple Shear

The deformation and breakup of a single polycarbonate drop in a polyethylene matrix is studied at high temperatures under simple shear flow using a transparent Couette device. We observed “parallel breakup” where the drop breaks after being stretched into a thin sheet parallel to the flow. The breakup occurs at a viscosity ratio greater than 3.5. Deborah number and a stress ratio incorporating elastic moduli can characterize the “parallel breakup”.

Deformation and breakup of a polycarbonate drop in a polyethylene matrix.     

阿姆斯特朗电解液液桥的实验现象及断裂机理研究

阿姆斯特朗液桥是电流体力学领域中的一种有趣现象,它悬在空中抵抗重力流动的神奇状态引起了人们的广泛关注.近十几年来,去离子水液桥已经通过理论和实验得到深入研究,但是对于电解液液桥的研究依然十分有限.本文以Na2SO4电解液作为形成液桥的实验液体,利用高速摄相机和红外热像仪研究了电解液液桥的形成过程、焦耳效应、流动中的热气泡产生及其破碎导致的液桥断裂等现象,提出了不同于去离子水液桥的断裂机理,有助于进一步加深人们对液桥这一复杂现象的理解.