Analytical performance of a multi-element ICP-AES method for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb determination in blood fraction samples

An analytical method using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for rapid simultaneous determination of seven heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb) in human blood fractions, like plasma, cells fraction and whole blood, is performed. The optimum wavelength was selected using as criterions the sensitivity, the linearity and recovery of aqueous standard solutions. The pretreatment of the sample, the centrifugal conditions, the necessity of digestion and the dilution of the digests were also studied. For plasma it was possible to avoid digestion of the sample, but for cells fractions and whole blood the digestion is necessary. The samples were acid-digested by HNO₃ in closed Teflon tubes under high temperature and pressure conditions and were diluted before injection into ICP-AES. Also, optimization of the inductively coupled plasma conditions like nebulizer argon flow rate, sample flow rate and power of radio frequency was performed for each analyte. Finally, the effect of the type of the employed calibration technique on the total variation of the method was examined. Calibration using the standard addition technique was proved more accurate for the determination in terms of analyte recovery. The sensitivity and recovery (Cd 99%, Co 101%, Cr 100%, Cu 99%, Mn 101%, Ni 100% and Pb 97%) of the developed method are presented for all examined blood fractions. Correspondence: George A. Zachariadis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece     

血橙中微量元素的测定

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES),对血橙果肉汁、皮、籽中10种微量元素进行了测定。结果表明,血橙果肉汁、皮、籽中含有Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ni等丰富的人体必需微量元素,且血橙果皮、籽中的微量元素含量普遍高于果肉汁中的微量元素的含量,这为血橙药效功能的进一步研究和资源综合开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时筛检人血液中26种常见毒药物

建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)同时快速筛检人血液中26种常见毒药物的新方法.通过对样品前处理方法的摸索及GC-MS分析条件的优化,采用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.5)稀释血样后,乙醚萃取,分段选择离子监测(SIM)法鉴定,并用提取离子进一步验证,可以同时检测甲胺磷、毒鼠强、地西泮、尼可刹米、利多卡因、苯巴比妥、阿托品等7大类共26种常见毒药物,回收率大部分达80%～90%,检测限为0.01 mg/L.本法用色谱保留时间、质谱特征离子同时定性,消除了血液中复杂基体的干扰,适用于中毒患者血液的应急检测.     

Living fluids

One of the major emerging fields of research of the beginning of this century concerns living fluids. By “living fluids”, we mean two major categories of complex fluids: (i) fluids which are essential to life, like blood, and (ii) active fluids made of particles that are able to propel themselves in the suspending fluid by converting a form of their energy into mechanical motion. Studies on active fluids have known a considerable interest since the last decade. Blood might be viewed as an old topic, but the progresses in experimental techniques, analytical concepts and numerics, have contributed nowadays to a dramatic renewal of the interest in this field, with a great potential towards understanding physical and mechanical factors in cardiovascular diseases. These fields have considerably strengthened interdisciplinary research. The series of reviews of this dossier focus on the tremendous recent progress achieved in research on living fluids both from the experimental and theoretical points of views. These reviews present also the major open issues, making of this dossier a unique guide for future research in these fields. This project grew up thanks to the international summer school that we organized on the topic “living fluids” at the IES (Institut dʼétudes scientifiques) of Cargèse (Corsica) in 2012.     

Human Serum Albumin Hybrid Incorporating Synthetic Hemes:A Novel O_2-Carrying Hemoprotein

It has long been known that homologous blood transfusion will result in a lot ofserious problems such as viral infections,for example AIDS,hepatitis,antigenicsensitization and GVHD;therefore aggressive testing of donor blood has beenadopted[1 ,2 ] .Even after this introduction,which is time-consuming and expensive,wecould not eliminate all the risks. In the wake of these kinds of pitfalls,production andclinical use of the blood substitutes have emerged.The essential aim of blood substitutei…     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅的干扰校正

研究了用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅的干扰校正方法。通过对测定过程中的干扰研究，建立了一种数学校正干扰的标准加入法基体匹配工作曲线。用本法分析健康儿童血铅及脐带血铅，线性范围为０￣９０ｎｇ／Ｌ，相关系数为０．９９９７，灵敏度为８．６ｐｇ／１％信号，检出限为４．８ｐｇ，与一般标准加入法工作曲线相比较，测定血铅线性斜率大，灵敏度高，准确性好。     

Chromatographic Processing Scheme for Continuous Harvesting of rec-Prourokinase from Serum Free Medium Cell Cultures

Continuous perfusion cell culture, using albumin containing medium, offers the potential advantages of higher recombinant Prourokinase (r-ProUK) yields, higher initial product purity and increased throughput compared to batch culture technology using medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. We have characterized the production of r-ProUK in medium supplemented with a lipid rich bovine serum albumin (Albumax) in a perfusion system. The results of these studies showed that it was necessary to modify the r-ProUK batch recovery scheme to process r-ProUK from a perfusion system. To accommodate large volumes of perfusate harvested over a ten to fourteen day production cycle, cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) resins were identified that had increased product binding capacity, better flow characteristics and wider pH ranges which allowed caustic cleaning. The mobile phase composition, pH and ionic strength were modified to improve r-ProUK yields from the identified resins, and procedures were developed to eliminate r-ProUK degradation products. Strategies were defined for processing continuous harvest, which contained four to seven times the amount of r-ProUK of batch harvests.     

Associations between Neurocardiovascular Signal Entropy and Physical Frailty

In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between noninvasively measured neurocardiovascular signal entropy and physical frailty was explored in a sample of community-dwelling older adults from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). The hypothesis under investigation was that dysfunction in the neurovascular and cardiovascular systems, as quantified by short-length signal complexity during a lying-to-stand test (active stand), could provide a marker for frailty. Frailty status (i.e., “non-frail”, “pre-frail”, and “frail”) was based on Fried’s criteria (i.e., exhaustion, unexplained weight loss, weakness, slowness, and low physical activity). Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) were calculated during resting (lying down), active standing, and recovery phases. There was continuously measured blood pressure/heart rate data from 2645 individuals (53.0% female) and frontal lobe tissue oxygenation data from 2225 participants (52.3% female); both samples had a mean (SD) age of 64.3 (7.7) years. Results revealed statistically significant associations between neurocardiovascular signal entropy and frailty status. Entropy differences between non-frail and pre-frail/frail were greater during resting state compared with standing and recovery phases. Compared with ApEn, SampEn seemed to have better discriminating power between non-frail and pre-frail/frail individuals. The quantification of entropy in short length neurocardiovascular signals could provide a clinically useful marker of the multiple physiological dysregulations that underlie physical frailty.