基于MATLAB的黑体辐射量计算

介绍了黑体辐射理论,利用MATLAB求解了普朗克黑体辐射公式在有界域λ1～λ2内的积分,通过实例对梯形法和辛普森法两种数值积分方法进行了分析和比较。并在此基础上对距黑体一定距离处探测器表面的辐照度值E进行了研究。通过分析可知,利用梯形法和辛普森法能够方便求出黑体在有界域内的辐出度值。此外,利用MATLAB编制的相应的计算界面,能够实现辐出度和辐照度的快速计算。     

环境对中波红外探测器测温精度的影响

为了分析环境辐射和大气吸收对红外辐射特性测量精度的影响,对基于中波红外探测器的红外测温进行了研究。首先,介绍了影响中波红外探测器测温精度的几种辐射能,根据测温模型得出了红外探测器像元灰度值和辐射照度之间的关系公式,并进一步推导出辐射测温的修正公式。以高精度面黑体为目标进行了测温实验,对红外探测器像元的灰度值进行修正并计算测温误差。结果显示,修正前、后测温误差的均方根分别为3.56℃和0.27℃,测温精度得到了显著的提高,表明该修正公式可准确地修正环境和大气吸收对中波红外探测器测温精度的影响。     

基于图像的飞行器红外辐射特性测量

通过将目标在一定波段内的红外辐射等效为红外成像系统前一定距离下黑体在对应波段内的红外辐射,建立了等效辐射方程。根据黑体辐射定标实验数据,利用非线性回归方法确定了在不同的积分时间条件下红外凝视成像系统输出红外图像的灰度值与在一定距离下的黑体温度之间的定量关系,建立了辐射定标方程。在Visual C++6.0平台下,在对红外目标图像进行SUSAN滤波等预处理后,分析了已知目标距离的红外图像的灰度均值。首先根据辐射定标方程计算出目标等效为黑体的温度,然后利用等效辐射方程反推目标的红外辐射强度,以达到根据跟踪的红外图像确定红外目标辐射特性的目的。此项研究不仅可以为目标识别提供目标分类、识别和辨认所必需的光谱数据库,而且还可以为红外预警提供重要的参考数据。     

A cryogenic blackbody for millimeter wavelengths

We describe a cryogenic blackbody reference, or cold load for millimeter wavelength radiation. This blackbody has an emissivity 0.99 over a two octave wavelength range. We use it as a standard when calibrating sensitive infrared photometers. The particular geometry of the blackbody described is influenced by our application. The basic design data and philosophy are described so that other designs can be evaluated.     

Manipulating internal energy of protonated biomolecules in electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The internal energy of protonated leucine enkephalin has been manipulated in electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with two newly designed pump-probe experiments. Blackbody infrared radiation was applied to pump an ion population into a well-defined internal energy distribution below the dissociation threshold. Following this pumping stage, the internal energy distribution was probed using on-resonance collisional activation to dissociate the ions. These pump-probe experiments were carried out in two different ways: (a) using on-resonance collisional activation with variable kinetic energies to dissociate the ions at a constant initial ion temperature (determining the precursor ion survival percentage as a function of kinetic energy) and (b) using on-resonance collisional activation with a constant kinetic energy to dissociate the ions at variable initial ion temperatures (to investigate the ion survival yield-initial ion temperature dependence). Using this approach, a detailed study of the effects of the initial ion temperature, the probing kinetic energy and the internal energy loss rate on the effective conversion efficiency of (laboratory-frame) kinetic energy to internal energy was conducted. This conversion efficiency was found to be dependent on the initial ion temperature. Depending on the experimental conditions the conversion efficiency (for collisions with argon) was estimated to be about 4.0 +/- 1.7%, which agrees with that obtained from a theoretical modeling. Finally, the reconstructed curves of the ion survival yield versus the mode of the (final) total internal energy distribution of the activated ion population (after pump and probe events) at different pump-probe conditions reveal the internal energy content of the activated ions.     

外场用红外目标模拟器辐射特性测量研究

野外便携式红外目标模拟器作为红外目标辐射源,广泛应用于各军兵种武器装备的效能测试评估中.针对外场模拟辐射源不能精确标定的问题,采用标准面源黑体和红外傅里叶光谱辐射计相结合标定的方法,对红外模拟器特定温度下的光谱辐亮度进行测量,计算出感兴趣波段的积分辐亮度,根据模拟器辐射面积给出用户需要的模拟器各设定温度下的辐射强度.分析计算表明:计算出的感兴趣波段的积分辐亮度值和理论曲线相比较,取得了良好的一致性,间接验证了该方法的正确性.     

199Hg+光频标的黑体辐射频移

光学频率标准会受到环境温度的黑体辐射影响发生频移,进而影响其准确度. 本文估算了¹⁹⁹Hg⁺的超精细能级5d¹⁰6s²S_1/2 (F=0)和5d⁹6s^{2 2}D_5/2 (F=2)的极化率,得到了室温(300 K)下黑体辐射引起的相对频移为-5.4×10^-17, 最后讨论了低温环境下黑体辐射对¹⁹⁹Hg⁺光频标的影响.     

一种红外目标模拟器黑体辐射源选型的计算方法

在光电系统测试中目标模拟器是必不可少的测试设备,黑体辐射源是红外目标模拟器的关键部件,它的选型直接影响着红外目标模拟器的性能。从黑体探测灵敏度与系统探测灵敏度的关系,推导出黑体辐射源的温度计算公式,以此计算黑体辐射源所需的最低温度点。通过仿真验证了计算方法的正确性,为黑体辐射源的选型提供了理论依据。     

星载定标黑体午夜太阳辐照模拟实验

为了揭示午夜太阳辐射对三轴稳定卫星光学载荷的定标黑体温度均匀性和定标精度的影响,进行了基于贴片加热电阻外热流模拟方法的真空实验,利用电压变化产生的加热功率模拟复杂的太阳辐照度波动。将实验获取的温度数据与仿真计算结果对照验证,分析了太阳照射过程中黑体温度分布的规律。根据辐射度学理论,对温度不均匀性产生的定标误差进行了理论计算。实验结果显示:在午夜太阳照射过程中,边缘受照的黑体温度分布具有对称性,黑体最高升温幅度为8.8K,最大温度梯度3.1K/m,定标相对误差0.1%。研究表明:太阳辐射会显著影响黑体温度的均匀性,由此产生的定标精度误差不会影响工程应用的要求。     

Spectral Energy Density in a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody

In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The nonpolariton system constitutes free thermal radiation in the blackbody. The present paper investigates the spectral energy density of the thermal radiation. It is found that the spectral energy density of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody is larger than that of a normal blackbody.