全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11045篇 |
免费 | 2288篇 |
国内免费 | 1916篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6799篇 |
晶体学 | 602篇 |
力学 | 1061篇 |
综合类 | 95篇 |
数学 | 246篇 |
物理学 | 6446篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 59篇 |
2022年 | 226篇 |
2021年 | 239篇 |
2020年 | 290篇 |
2019年 | 244篇 |
2018年 | 255篇 |
2017年 | 363篇 |
2016年 | 496篇 |
2015年 | 438篇 |
2014年 | 546篇 |
2013年 | 924篇 |
2012年 | 789篇 |
2011年 | 895篇 |
2010年 | 762篇 |
2009年 | 852篇 |
2008年 | 805篇 |
2007年 | 875篇 |
2006年 | 881篇 |
2005年 | 712篇 |
2004年 | 675篇 |
2003年 | 549篇 |
2002年 | 505篇 |
2001年 | 376篇 |
2000年 | 377篇 |
1999年 | 311篇 |
1998年 | 282篇 |
1997年 | 276篇 |
1996年 | 232篇 |
1995年 | 202篇 |
1994年 | 176篇 |
1993年 | 119篇 |
1992年 | 135篇 |
1991年 | 92篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
In photochemical vapor deposition of aluminum film on silicon using dimethylaluminum hydride, (CH3)2AlH, a surface reaction dominated below a (CH3)2AlH pressure of 0.3 m Torr at 200°C, which was induced only with the 160 nm band emitted from a deuterium lamp. A gas-phase reaction occurred above 0.3 mTorr at 200°C, which could be induced by both 160 nm and 240 nm emission bands from the lamp. To distinguish between surface ad gas-phase reactions, a thickness profile was used. At 240°C the surface reaction could be induced even by the 240 nm band, while the deposits formed under illumination of the two bands were thinner than those obtained with only the 240 nm band, indicating occurrence of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-enhanced desorption. The mechanism responsible for the observed wavelength dependence in unclear. The electrical resistivity of the films deposited at 200°C was 4.5 μΩ cm, which did not change with wavelength. 相似文献
13.
We derive and analyse four algorithms for computing the current induced on a thin straight wire by a transient electric field.
They all involve solving the thin wire electric field integral equations (EFIEs) and consist of a very accurate differential
equations solver together with various schemes to approximate the vector potential integral equation. We carry out a rigorous
numerical stability analysis of each of these methods. This has not previously been done for solution schemes for the thin
wire EFIEs. Each scheme is shown to be stable and convergent provided the radius of the wire is small enough for the thin
wire equations to be a valid model. 相似文献
14.
The electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of D− and H− ions from condensed D2O and H2O films is investigated. Three low-energy peaks are observed in the ESD anion yield, which are identified as arising from excitation of 2B1, 2A1 and 2B2 dissociative electron attachment (DEA) resonances. Additional structure is observed between 18 and 32 eV, which may be due to ion pair formation or to DEA resonances involving the 2a1 orbital. The ion yield resulting from excitation of the 2B1 resonance increases as the film is heated. We attribute the increase in the ion yield to thermally induced hydrogen bond breaking near the surface, which enhances the lifetimes of the excited states that lead to desorption. 相似文献
15.
16.
Guosong Wu Xiaoqin Zeng Wenbin Ding Xingwu Guo Shoushan Yao 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(20):7422-7429
Ceramic thin films have been widely used to protect the metal substrate as coatings in the past years. In order to improve the poor corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, the study in this paper used the electron beam evaporation method to prepare ceramic PVD films on its surface with TiO2 and Al2O3 as donors, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the surface morphology, composition and microstructure of the thin films. Both films deposited on AZ31 took on compact top surface morphologies and grew as amorphous structures on substrate. AES test not only showed that films compositions deviated the standard stoichiometric ratios, but also found that element Mg diffused into films and existed as magnesium oxide in the TiOx film as well as the AlOx film. In the electrochemical corrosion test, the AlOx coating on AZ31 exhibited the largest electrochemical impedance in a 3.5% NaCl solution. But it did not show better corrosion resistance than others for the poorer adhesion. Even if its thickness was small, the TiOx coating on AZ31 exhibited the best corrosion resistance in this study. According to the observation and analysis, the damage of these films on AZ31 in aggressive solutions was mainly due to the existence of pores, microcracks, vacancies and poor adhesion between coating and substrate. 相似文献
17.
Chenghang Wang 《Applied Surface Science》2006,253(4):2282-2288
In this paper, thin films of titanium oxide imprinted with O,O-dimethyl-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetoxyl)(3′-nitrobenyl) methinephosphonate (Phi-NO2) were prepared via liquid phase deposition (LPD) method on a glassy carbon electrode. The imprinted molecular in the films was removed by treatment with immersion in CH2Cl2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods were introduced to show the evidence of the molecular imprinting phenomenon. It was also found that the recognition ability of the sensor depended on the substituents associated with tridimensional structures of the nitro-compounds. Under the optimized condition, the sensor showed better sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility to the imprinted molecule and the linear relationship between the current and the concentration of analyte in the range of 0.1-50 μM was obtained. LPD proved to be a powerful method for imprinting titanium oxide thin sense films. 相似文献
18.
Jing-na Li Xiao-feng Wang Zheng-an Yao 《应用数学学报(英文版)》2007,23(3):421-432
In this paper, we propose a model in studying soft ferromagnetic films, which is readily accessible experimentally. By using penalty approximation and compensated compactness, we prove that the dynamical equation in thin film has a local weak solution. Moreover, the corresponding linear equation is also dealt with in great detail. 相似文献
19.
p型未掺杂富锌ZnO薄膜的形成和性能研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以高纯ZnO为靶材,氩气为溅射气体,利用射频磁控溅射技术在石英衬底上生长出纤锌矿结构的富锌ZnO薄膜.薄膜沿(002)择优取向生长,厚约为1.2μm,呈现电绝缘特性.将溅射的ZnO薄膜在10-3Pa,510~1 000 K的温度范围等温退火1 h,室温Hall测量结果表明ZnO薄膜的导电性能经历了由绝缘—n型—p型—n型半导体的变化.XPS测试表明ZnO薄膜的Zn/O离子比随退火温度的升高而降低,但一直是富锌ZnO,说明未掺杂的富锌ZnO也可以形成p型导电.p型未掺杂富锌ZnO薄膜的形成可归因于VZn受主浓度可以克服VO和Zni本征施主的补偿效应. 相似文献
20.
R. Resel M. Oehzelt O. Lengyel T.U. Schülli G. Hlawacek C. Teichert G. Koller 《Surface science》2006,600(19):4645-4649
A para-sexiphenyl monolayer of near up-right standing molecules (nominal thickness of 30 Å) is investigated in-situ by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation and ex-situ by atomic force microscopy. A terrace like morphology is observed, the step height between the terraces is approximately one molecular length. The monolayer terraces, larger than 20 μm in size, are extended along the [0 0 1] direction of the TiO2(1 1 0) substrate i.e. along the Ti-O rows of the reconstructed substrate surface. The structure of the monolayer and its epitaxial relationship to the substrate is determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Extremely sharp diffraction peaks reveal high crystalline order within the monolayer, which was found to have the bulk structure of sexiphenyl. The monolayer terraces are epitaxially oriented with the (0 0 1) plane parallel to the substrate surface (out-of-plane order). Four epitaxial relationships are observed. This in-plane alignment is determined by the arrangement of the terminal phenyl rings of the sexiphenyl molecules parallel to the oxygen rows of the substrate. 相似文献