基于多孔金结构的三相界面酶电极的制备及高效电化学酶传感性能

界面微环境是影响酶催化反应及酶传感性能的关键因素. 本研究基于三维微纳米结构多孔金基底, 通过调控电极表面的亲水和疏水浸润性, 制备了具有固-液-气三相界面微环境的氧化酶电极, 并研究了界面微环境对酶催化反应动力学的影响规律. 基于所制备的三相界面多孔金结构酶电极, 反应物氧气能够从气相直接快速地传输到酶催化反应界面, 极大地提升了界面氧气浓度及其稳定性, 从而大幅度提高了氧化酶活性及酶电极响应的稳定性. 以葡萄糖为模型待测物, 基于该三相界面酶电极的电化学酶生物传感器拥有宽的线性范围、 高的灵敏度、 低的检出限以及良好的稳定性. 这类独特的三相反应界面设计为高效酶生物传感器的建构以及生物分子的精准检测提供了新思路.     

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide and its Biomedical Applications

Graphene oxide (GO) offers interesting physicochemical and biological properties for biomedicine due to its versatility, biocompatibility, small size, large surface area, and its ability to interact with biological cells and tissues. GO is a two-dimensional material of exceptional strength, unique optical, physical, mechanical, and electronic properties. Ease of functionalization and high antibacterial activity are two major properties identified with GO. Due to its excellent aqueous processability, amphiphilicity, surface functionalization capability, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and fluorescence quenching ability, GO chemically exfoliated from oxidized graphite is considered a promising material for biological applications. In addition, due to π-π* transitions, a low energy is required for electron movement, a property important in Biosensor and Bioimaging applications of GO. In this article, we present an overview of current advances in GO applications in biomedicine and discuss future perspectives. We conclude that GO is going to play a vital role in Biomedical applications in the near future.     

基于DNA-甲苯胺蓝生物聚合离子膜的多环有机物电化学传感器的研究

利用DNA与小分子之间的相互作用,以DNA/壳聚糖生物聚合离子膜固定电活性小分子,制备了DNA-甲苯胺蓝/壳聚糖聚合离子复合膜修饰电极,并利用多环有机物与染料分子对DNA特异结合的竞争关系,构筑了多环有机物非试剂添加型DNA电化学生物传感器。以盐酸四环素为模式分子,利用循环伏安法和方波伏安法研究了该修饰电极的电化学特性以及该电极对盐酸四环素的电化学响应,结果表明,DNA和甲苯胺蓝成功地固定在电极表面,电极表面的甲苯胺蓝保持了很好的电化学活性。利用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了电极对盐酸四环素响应的作用机理。该传感器的线性范围为2.5~100μmol·L-1。     

非标记凝血酶阵列电化学适体传感器的研究

基于自制的集成化三阵列金膜电极,构建了一个简单、灵敏、非标记的凝血酶阵列电化学适体传感器。以聚乙烯不干胶掩膜版法结合金属溅射沉积技术,在FR-4玻璃纤维板上制作了由3个金膜工作电极、1个大面积金膜对电极和1个厚膜Ag/AgCl参比电极构成的集成化金膜阵列电极系统。以集成化金膜阵列电极作为基础电极,采用巯基自组装技术将带巯基的凝血酶适体固定在3个金工作电极表面,巯基己醇封闭后获得三阵列凝血酶适体传感器,以电活性物质铁氰化钾作为电化学探针,基于凝血酶适体和凝血酶结合前后铁氰化钾在电极表面传质的不同导致电流变化进行凝血酶的测定。采用方波脉冲伏安法,铁氰化钾氧化峰电流的变化值与凝血酶浓度在 1.52~63 nmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.92 nmol/L。     

Synthesis of core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorod and its application as DNA immobilization matrix for electrochemical biosensor construction

The core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorods have been prepared through direct in-situ growth of Bi2S3 at the surface of pre-synthesized gold nanorods.The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Then the obtained Au@Bi2S3 nanorods were coated onto glassy carbon electrode to act as a scaffold for fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensor on the basis of the coordination of-NH2 modified on 5’-end of probe DNA and Au@Bi2S3.Electrochemical characterization assays demonstrate that the Au@Bi2S3 nanorods behave as an excellent electronic transport channel to promote the electron transfer kinetics and increase the effective surface area by their nanosize effect.The hybridization experiments reveal that the Au@Bi2S3 matrix-based DNA biosensor is capable of recognizing complementary DNA over a wide concentration ranging from 10 fmol/L to 1 nmol/L.The limit of detection was estimated to be 2 fmol/L(S/N=3).The biosensor also presents remarkable selectivity to distinguish fully complementa ry sequences from basemismatched and non-complementary ones,showing great promising in practical application.     

A Light‐up Logic Platform for Selective Recognition of Parallel G‐Quadruplex Structures via Disaggregation‐Induced Emission

The design of turn‐on dyes with optical signals sensitive to the formation of supramolecular structures provides fascinating and underexplored opportunities for G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA detection and characterization. Here, we show a new switching mechanism that relies on the recognition‐driven disaggregation (on‐signal) of an ultrabright coumarin‐quinazoline conjugate. The synthesized probe selectively lights‐up parallel G4 DNA structures via the disassembly of its supramolecular state, demonstrating outputs that are easily integrable into a label‐free molecular logic system. Finally, our molecule preferentially stains the G4‐rich nucleoli of cancer cells.     

Voltammetric Label‐free Immunosensors for the Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Early serodiagnosis and continuous monitoring of the disease is very important for medical treatment. Here, we report the detecting of both echinococcus antigen and antibody for the diagnosis of hydatid disease using square wave voltammetry (SWV)‐based immunosensors. The gold electrodes were functionalized using cysteamine/phenylene diisothiocyanate linkers and used for the immunosensors fabrication. The hydatid antigen and antibody immunosensors were constructed by the immobilization of either purified rabbit polyclonal antibody or recombinant antigen B (AgB), respectively on the functionalized gold electrodes surfaces. The detection in both cases was achieved by following the change in the SWV reduction peak current of the ferro/ferricyanide redox couple upon antibody or antigen binding. These immunosensors enabled the detection of echinococcus antigen and antibody within a concentration range of 1 pg.mL^?1 to 1 μg.mL^?1 with detection limits of 0.4 pg.mL^?1 and 0.3 pg.mL^?1, respectively. A preliminary application of the developed immunosensor was performed in spiked serum sample showing good recovery percentages ranging from 102 to 110 % for both hydatid antibody and antigen detection. This easy‐to‐use, sensitive, and low cost quantitative method holds great promise for the early diagnosis of hydatid disease and thus, better managements and treatment outcomes.     

Natural Melanin Nanoparticle‐decorated Screen‐printed Carbon Electrode: Performance Test for Amperometric Determination of Hexavalent Chromium as Model Trace

A biosensor was prepared with natural melanin nanoparticles (MNP) decorated on a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Hexavalent chromium was selected as a well‐known heavy metal ion to be detected for testing the performance of novel biosensor. Natural MNP was extracted from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) ink. Surface decoration of SPCEs with MNP was performed by two different methods. The first one was layer‐by‐layer assembly (LBL‐A) for different cycle times(n). In the second one, plasma treatment of SPCE incorporated with evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EI‐SA) techniques including different incubation times in MNP solutions. The performance of both modified SPCEs were tested for amperometric detection of Cr(VI) in various water samples, and peak reduction of Cr(VI) was determined at 0.33 V. Amperometric results showed wide linear ranges of 0.1–2 μM and 0.1–5 μM of Cr(VI) for SPCEs modified with 14n‐LBL‐A and 12h‐EI‐SA, respectively. The sensitivities of SPCEs modified with 14n‐LBL‐A and 12h‐EI‐SA techniques were 0.27 μA μM^?1 and 0.52 μA μM^?1, respectively. In addition, both modified SPCEs selectively detected Cr(VI) in a model aqueous system composed of certain other heavy metals and minerals, and tap and lake water samples. The LOD and LOQ values for 12h‐EI‐SA were 0.03 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. This showed that MNP‐modified‐SPCEs generated via EI‐SA techniques have the potential to be an alternative to conventional detection methods such as ICP‐MS.     

Urea Biosensor Based on Electrochromic Properties of Prussian Blue

Prussian blue (PB) is an electrochromic material, which can be used as a signal transducer in the formation of optical urea biosensors. The previous researches in electrochromic properties of PB demonstrated the optical PB response to ammonium ions, which occurs when ammonium ions are interacting with PB layer at a constant 0.2 V vs Ag|AgCl|KCl_sat potential. In this work PB optical dependence on ammonium ions concentration was applied in the formation of electrochromic urea biosensor. Biosensor was formed by modifying the optically transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode (glass/ITO) with Prussian blue layer and immobilizing urease (glass/ITO/PB‐urease). Calibration curve showed the linear dependency (R²=0.995) between the change of maximal absorbance (ΔA) and urea concentration in concentration range varying from 3 mM to 30 mM. The highest sensitivity (4 ΔA M^?1) of glass/ITO/PB‐urease biosensor is in the concentration range from 7 mM to 30 mM. It was determined that working principle of the glass/ITO/PB‐urease biosensor is not related to pH changes occurring during enzymatic hydrolysis of urea.     

基于电化学发光和阻抗技术研究DNA单碱基错配

单碱基错配的识别和稳定性差异在核酸多态性研究中至关重要。在同一电化学传感器平台上,采用电化学发光（ECL）和电化学阻抗（EIS）2种技术,协同研究DNA链中不同类型和不同位点的单碱基错配识别和稳定性差异。电极表面具有茎环构象的探针DNA与完全互补DNA、不同类型或不同位点单碱基错配DNA杂交前后的ECL和EIS信号强度变化有显著差异。信号强度变化可揭示单碱基错配识别的稳定性。结果表明,DNA链中心位点的C-A单碱基错配稳定性低于链两端的,靠近键合电极表面双链链端的C-A单碱基错配稳定性低于非键合电极表面双链链端的,同一中心位点C-X碱基对的稳定性顺序为C-G?C-T>C-A≥C-C。研究结果可为核酸多态性研究提供参考。