Droplets on patterned substrates: water off a beetle's back

We present a lattice Boltzmann model to describe the spreading of droplets on chemically and topologically patterned substrates. As an example, we consider the process by which a Namibian beetle captures water on its back which is hydrophobic but covered by peaks with hydrophilic tops. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New synthesis of serricornin,the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne)

A new approach to the total synthesis of serricornin, the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetle, based on readily available (4S,5E)-4-methyhept-5-enenitrile was implemented.     

A new sesquiterpene lactone glucoside and other constituents from Inula salsoloides with insecticidal activities on striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata Fabricius)

A new sesquiterpene, eupatolide 13-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (eupatolide-II, 1), lactone glucoside, along with 15 known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of Inula salsoloides (Asteraceae). Dichloromethane extract and compounds 1–11 were used to investigate insecticidal activities against vegetable important pest, striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata Fabricius). None of the samples show any toxicity under concentration of 500 times, while compound 1 and the extract had toxic effect when the concentration increased to 250 times. But the corrected mortality of compound 1 and the extract were only 44.83 and 13.80%, respectively. Compound 11 (inulasalene) showed repellency effect in the no-choice test, and the repellency rate was 70%. Compounds 1 and 3 (inulasalsolide) showed the antifeeding rates of 65.22 and 47.06%, respectively. Compound 10 (11β,13-dihydrogeneupatolide) showed strong attractive effects on the adults, while the difference of injured area between the treatment and control was also not significant.     

烟草甲虫性信息素(7S)-(-)-4,6-二甲基-7-羟基-3-壬酮的立体选择性合成

手性试剂;烟草甲虫性信息素(7S)-(-)-4;6-二甲基-7-羟基-3-壬酮的立体选择性合成     

Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol: a Colorado potato beetle pheromone

The recent identification of a male-produced aggregation pheromone [(S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol, (S)-CPB] offers a new tool for Colorado potato beetle (CPB) management. We developed a novel synthetic approach to produce CPB pheromone in seven steps and 46.54% overall yield. Grignard reaction, oxidation, and stereoselective methylation using organometallic reagent are the key steps in the commercially viable total synthesis, generating CPB pheromone in 98.6% enantiomeric purity and gram quantity.     

"甲虫和橡胶带"问题新解

给出“甲虫和橡胶带”问题的一种简便的新解法.     

Contrasting Volatilomes of Livestock Dung Drive Preference of the Dung Beetle Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Volatile cues can play a significant role in the location and discrimination of food resources by insects. Dung beetles have been reported to discriminate among dung types produced by different species, thereby exhibiting behavioral preferences. However, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in dung localization and preference remains largely unexplored in dung beetles. Here we performed several studies: firstly, cage olfactometer bioassays were performed to evaluate the behavioral responses of Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to VOCs emanating from fresh horse, sheep, and cattle dung; secondly, concurrent volatilome analysis was performed to characterize volatilomes of these dung types. Bubas bison adults exhibited greater attraction to horse dung and less attraction to cattle dung, and they preferred dung from horses fed a pasture-based diet over dung from those fed lucerne hay. Volatilomes of the corresponding dung samples from each livestock species contained a diverse group of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols, and sulfurous compounds, but the composition and abundance of annotated VOCs varied with dung type and livestock diet. The volatilome of horse dung was the most chemically diverse. Results from a third study evaluating electroantennogram response and supplementary olfactometry provided strong evidence that indole, butyric acid, butanone, p-cresol, skatole, and phenol, as well as toluene, are involved in the attraction of B. bison to dung, with a mixture of these components significantly more attractive than individual constituents.     

Complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments for the glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine

The normal levels and types of glycoalkaloids found in commercial varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) appear to present no hazard to human health. However when wild Solanum species are used in breeding endeavors, new and untested glycoalkaloids may be introduced. Recent studies of domestic crosses with a wild Solanum oplocense accession indicated that the levels of a non‐indigenous glycoalkaloid appeared associated with reduced defoliation by the Colorado potato beetle. The non‐indigenous glycoalkaloid was isolated from foliage of the wild S. oplocense accession and unambiguously characterized by high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NM analysis as the glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new sesquiterpenoid produced by female Callosobruchus rhodesianus (Pic): a possible component of the sex attractant pheromone

(E)-6-Ethyl-2,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadienal was identified from female seed beetle, Callosobruchus rhodesianus (Pic), as an electroantennographic-detection (EAD) active compound in the male. The ratio of the (E)-6-ethyl-2,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadienal and (3S,6E)-2,3-dihydrohomofarnesal, previously identified as a sex attractant pheromone, was estimated at approximately 1:4.5. In combination with the stereoisomer-activity relationship of 2,3-dihydrohomofarnesal, we suggest that this new compound might function as a minor sex attractant pheromone in C. rhodesianus.     

Ultrastructure of antennal and posterior abdominal sensilla in Chlorophorus caragana females

Chlorophorus caragana Xie & Wang is a destructive wood-boring beetle that damages Caragana spp. bushes and is distributed in desert areas in north-west China. Using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we observed the morphology and ultrastructure of antennal and posterior abdominal sensilla in C. caragana females, to discuss the putative functions of these sensilla in host location and oviposition behaviors.In total, seven types (24 subtypes) of sensilla were located on the antenna and posterior abdomen. On the antenna, there were Böhm's bristles (BB.); four subtypes of sensilla chaetica (Ch.1–Ch.4) characterized by non-porous surfaces and sensillum-lymph cavities without dendrites; two subtypes of sensilla trichodea (Tr.1 and Tr.2) with a tip pore and dendrites surrounded by dendritic sheaths; dome-shaped sensilla (Dom.) emerging from a deep cavity with one tip pore; four subtypes of sensilla basiconica (Ba.1–Ba.4) and one type of sensilla auricillica (Au.) with a porous cuticular surface and dendrites in the sensillum-lymph cavity; and one type of sensilla styloconica (Sty.) with grooves on the cuticular wall. On the posterior abdomen, there were four subtypes of sensilla chaetica (Ch.5–Ch.8); three subtypes of sensilla trichodea (Tr.3–Tr.5); and three subtypes of sensilla basiconica (Ba.5–Ba.7; Ba.5 had no groove in the cuticular wall, Ba.6 had one tip pore, and Ba.7 was located in a cuticular cavity). The antennal sensilla were believed to be mechanosensitive, chemosensitive, and sensitive to humidity and temperature, and to play roles in mating, host location and oviposition. The abdominal sensilla are believed to be related to oviposition behaviors.