MeV- and Sub-MeV-photon Sources Based on Compton Backscattering at Spring-8 and KPSI-JAEA

Recently we have constructed two facilities for generating photon beams in the MeV and sub-MeV energy regions by means of the Compton backscattering with a laser and an electron beam at SPring-8 and at Kansai Photon Science Institute of Japan Atomic Energy Agency(KPSIJAEA).The MeV-photon source at SPring-8 consists of a continuous-wave optically-pumped far infrared laser with a wavelength of 118.8 μm and an 8 GeV stored electron beam.Present MeV-photon flux is estimated to be 1.3×10~3 photons/s.On the other hand,the sub-MeV-photon source at KPSI-JAEA consists of a pulse Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1 064 nm and a 150 MeV electron beam accelerated by microtron.In the first trial of the photon production in this source,backscattered photon flux is estimated to be 20 photons/pulse.Both the Compton backscattered photon sources have possibilities to be used for new tools in various fields such as nuclear physics,materials science,and astronomy.     

Random Backscattering in the Parabolic Scaling

In this paper we revisit the parabolic approximation for wave propagation in random media by taking into account backscattering. We obtain a system of transport equations for the moments of the components of reflection and transmission operators. In the regime in which forward scattering is strong and backward scattering is weak, we obtain closed form expressions for physically relevant quantities related to the reflected wave, such as the beam width, the spectral width and the mean spatial power profile. In particular, we analyze the enhanced backscattering phenomenon, that is, we show that the mean power reflected from an incident quasi-plane wave has a maximum in the backscattered direction. This enhancement can be observed in a small cone around the backscattered direction and we compute the enhancement factor as well as the shape of the enhanced backscattering cone.     

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的散射介质中后向光散射模型及分析应用

构建了内光源模型探讨散射介质中的光散射现象,利用蒙特卡罗方法研究了逃逸出组织的后向散射光子数随光子在组织内部发生的散射次数的分布关系,探讨了光源照明方式、辐射强度、接收方式、调制等参数的变化对后向散射的影响,结果表明后向散射光子的数量随散射次数的分布并非简单的单调递增或递减,而是一条先增大后减小出现峰值的曲线. 峰值位置、峰值大小及曲线形状与光源、探测方式、组织光学特性参数等有关. 关键词： 医用光学与生物技术 散射介质 后向散射 蒙特卡罗模拟     

Transmutation of nuclear wastes using photonuclear reactions triggered by Compton backscattering photons at the Shanghai laser electron gamma source

Based on the facility of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), the transmutation for nuclear wastes such as ¹³⁷Cs and ¹²⁹I is investigated. It is found that nuclear waste can be transmuted efficiently via photonuclear reaction triggered by gamma photons generated from Compton backscattering between CO₂ laser photons and 3.5 GeV electrons. The nuclear activities of ¹³⁷Cs and ¹²⁹I are evaluated and compared with the results of transmutation triggered by bremsstrahlung gamma photons driven by ultra intense laser. Due to the better character of gamma photon spectrum as well as the high brightness of gamma photons, the transmutation rate of Compton backscattering method is much higher than that of the bremsstrahlung method.     

Φ76mm×100mmBGO闪烁探测器探测效率测量

用若干低能(p,γ)共振核反应产生的单能光子测得Φ76mm×100mmBGOγ探测器在17.65、17.23、6.13MeV三个能量点下的全能峰本征探测效率分别为7%、9%和22%.     

Investigations on the oxidation of zirconium nitride films in air by nuclear reaction analysis and backscattering spectrometry

The thermal oxidation of dc magnetron sputter deposited thin ZrN films in air in the temperature range of 100-475 °C has been studied by depth profiling N using nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) involving ¹⁵N(¹H,αγ)¹²C resonance reaction and O using 3.05 MeV ¹⁶O(α,α)¹⁶O resonant scattering. The structural and morphological changes accompanying the process have also been investigated. NRA/backscattering spectrometry measurements show that oxidation results in the formation of ZrO_1.8±0.1 at the surface. An interface consisting of Zr, O and N is also formed underneath the surface oxide. For an isothermal annealing, oxide layer as well as interface exhibits parabolic growth with the duration of annealing. The diffusion of oxygen through the already grown oxide layer (D = 5.6 × 10⁻¹⁴ cm² s⁻¹ at 475 °C) forms the rate-controlling step of oxidation. The diffusion may be facilitated by the high concentration of oxygen vacancies in the oxide layer. Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements indicate that zirconia films formed are phase-singular (monoclinic) and are textured in (2 0 0) and (3 1 1) orientations. Examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the formation of blisters on sample surfaces on prolonged oxidation. The blistering can be attributed to intrinsic growth stress arising due to the larger molar volume of zirconium oxide in comparison to zirconium nitride, a fact demonstrated by the depth profile measurements as well.     

降雨融化层后向散射的蒙特卡罗仿真

云层上端冰雪粒子的融化形成了降雨融化层，随着粒子的下落融化过程开始，因此融化层的微观特性在垂直方向上是连续变化的.建立了降雨融化层的仿真模型，应用更为切合实际的三层球形粒子代替了融化层中的粒子.根据降雨过程中雨滴的尺寸分布推导了融化层中融化粒子的尺寸分布.根据Mie理论，计算了降雨率小于12.5 mm/h时，降雨融化层对5，10，35，94 GHz电磁波的雷达反射率和特征衰减因子的垂直廓线.计算结果表明，当电磁波频率高于20 GHz时，将无法观测到“雷达亮带”，这与实验结果相符.根据辐射传输理论，应用蒙特卡罗方法计算了垂直方向微观特性连续变化的降雨融化层对不同频率电磁波的反射率，比较了两种不同尺寸分布(Gamma分布和Marshall-Palmer分布)融化层反射率的差别，这为利用高频电磁波对降雨融化层进行遥感提供了理论和数值依据. 关键词： 降雨融化层 蒙特卡罗方法 后向散射 电磁波     

Incoherent and coherent backscattering of light by a layer of densely packed random medium

The problem of light scattering by a layer of densely packed discrete random medium is considered. The theory of light scattering by systems of nonspherical particles is applied to derive equations corresponding to incoherent (diffuse) and interference parts of radiation reflected from the medium. A solution of the system of linear equations describing light scattering by a system of particles is represented by iteration. It is shown that the symmetry properties of the T-matrices and of the translation coefficients for the vector Helmholtz harmonics lead to the reciprocity relation for an arbitrary iteration. This relation is applied to consider the backscattering enhancement phenomenon. Equations expressing the incoherent and interference parts of reflected light from statistically homogeneous and isotropic plane-parallel layer of medium are given. In the exact backscattering direction the relation between incoherent and interference parts is identical to that of sparse media.     

真空中固液界面的离子束分析研究

原位实时地高精度测量固液界面的元素或离子(电荷)组成和动态变化对于界面反应和相互作用研究非常重要,但是传统的高分辨离子束分析实验在真空环境中不能直接测量液体样品。本文研制了一种固体-液体界面探针,该探针使用氮化硅-铝纳米复合膜作为真空密封窗和电化学电极,利用复旦大学核微探针成功开展了真空中固体-液体界面探针0.01 mol/L氯化钡和1 mol/L氯化镧溶液样品固体-液体界面的卢瑟福背散射(RBS)分析和粒子激发X射线(PIXE)分析。实验结果表明,真空环境下,固液界面探针纳米薄窗可承受2 MeV He+离子注量为1.0×1018 ions/cm2的辐照。微区PIXE分析成功获得了固液界面探针结构的元素分布。通过对卢瑟福背散射能谱进行分析,获取了20 nm分辨的电极界面微米深溶液中的La, Cl元素浓度。在1 mol/L的LaCl3固液界面电极表面,负电压(–2.3 V)时电解质离子在电极表面高浓度聚集,正电压(+2.3 V)时电解质在电极表面呈低浓度分布,在约1 250 nm深处电解质溶液趋向于体浓度。