Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines Fenster-Auslösezählrohres im Bereich der beschränkten Proportionalität)

In der Kernstrahlungs-Meßtechnik erweist es sich in vielen Fällen als zweckmäßig und vorteilhaft, den Bereich der besehränkten Proportionalität eines Fenster-Auslösezählrohres auszunutzen. Nimmt man die Charakteristik eines Fenster-Auslösezählrohres für einen reinen α-Strahler auf, so ergeben sich die Kurven α der Abbildung. Verwendet man einen reinen β-Strahler, so ergeben sich die Kurven β.     

Schnelle und einfache Durchführung mehrfacher Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktionen bei radiochemischen Trennungsgängen

Es werden einfach herzustellende Geräte beschrieben, mit deren Hilfe mehrfach wiederholte Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktionen schnell, unter geringem Arbeitsaufwand und mit verminderten Substanzverlusten durchgeführt werden können. Die Arbeitsweise erwies sich als besonders geeignet für mittelschnelle radiochemische Trennungsgänge in der Aktivierungsanalyse, z. B. bei der Bestimmung von Zinn über das 40-min-Isotp ¹²³Sn.     

Measuring δ13C values of atmospheric acetaldehyde via sodium bisulfite adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation

δ¹³C values of gaseous acetaldehyde were measured by gas chromatograph–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC–C–IRMS) via sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation. Gaseous acetaldehyde was collected via NaHSO₃-coated Sep-Pak^® silica gel cartridge, then derivatised with cysteamine, and then the δ¹³C value of the acetaldehyde–cysteamine derivative was measured by GC–C–IRMS. Using two acetaldehydes with different δ¹³C values, derivatisation experiments were carried out to cover concentrations between 0.009×10^?3 and 1.96×10^?3 mg·l^?1) of atmospheric acetaldehyde, and then δ¹³C fractionation was evaluated in the derivatisation of acetaldehyde based on stoichiometric mass balance after measuring the δ¹³C values of acetaldehyde, cysteamine and the acetaldehyde–cysteamine derivative. δ¹³C measurements in the derivertisation process showed good reproducibility (<0.5 ‰) for gaseous acetaldehyde. The differences between predicted and measured δ¹³C values were 0.04–0.31 ‰ for acetaldehyde–cysteamine derivative, indicating that the derivatisation introduces no isotope fractionation for gaseous acetaldehyde, and obtained δ¹³C values of acetaldehyde in ambient air at the two sites were distinct (?34.00 ‰ at an urban site versus?31.00 ‰ at a forest site), implying potential application of the method to study atmospheric acetaldehyde.     

不同型号凝胶色谱特点及其与其它预处理设备比较

比较了凝胶色谱仪与其它常用预处理设备的特点、应用范围,并着重比较了传统凝胶色谱( GPC)与全自动在线GPC-GC-MS联用仪的特点、应用及这两类设备在Aroclor 1260样品加标回收率的情况.结果表明,GPC相对于其它预处理设备更适合净化大分子干扰样品;全自动在线GPC-GC-MS联用仪与传统GPC相比具有净化时间少、溶剂用量小两大优势.     

冷原子吸收分光光度法测定电子电气产品中汞的不确定度评定

根据《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》,对冷原子吸收分光光度法测定电子电气产品中汞含量的测量不确定度进行了评定。分析了影响不确定度的因素,对各不确定度分量进行了计算,结果表明测量不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合和测量重复性,合成相对标准不确定度为1.61%。     

INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR SPRING ON VIBRATION ISOLATION MECHANISM AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

分子弹簧是一种由水和布满微孔的疏水沸石颗粒组成的隔振缓冲介质. 当振动、冲击发生时,随着外力对分子弹簧加载卸载,水分子进出沸石颗粒的疏水微孔,实现能量的存储、释放和消耗. 通过疏水微孔内液柱受力平衡和界面层热力学平衡分别建立了水侵入单条疏水微孔的模型,分段模拟了水分子侵入大量疏水微孔的过程,推导了分子弹簧受压过程中力-变形的关系,采用准静态试验对理论分析结果进行了验证,并计算了分子弹簧的隔振性能,结果表明：理论与试验结果具较好的一致性,分子弹簧在加载与卸载过程中呈现高-低-高的三段分段刚度,使得分子弹簧隔振系统在工作段具有极低固有频率,特别适合于低频重载情况下的隔振缓冲应用.     

基于相似度准则的试验装备采购风险评估模型

试验装备采购风险的决策问题具有复杂性、模糊性和群决策性.分析采购风险评估问题的层次结构,设计专家权重的有效算法,构建基于相似度的风险评估群决策模型并通过实例分析结果证明了方法的合理性和有效性.     

Portable Raman study on the conservation state of four CorTen steel‐based sculptures by Eduardo Chillida impacted by urban atmospheres

Weathering steel, and particularly CorTen steel, is a very used material for modern artworks exhibited outdoors. One of the characteristic that makes this material so attractive to artists is the property to develop a protective rust layer composed by iron oxides which preserves its metallic core from atmospheric corrosion. This study was conducted to evaluate the conservation state of four CorTen sculptures by Eduardo Chillida, located in different places of Bilbao city (north of Spain) and affected by different factors (environmental among others) by using Raman spectroscopy. Measurements were performed in situ with a handheld Raman spectrometer mounted on a tripod with x–y–z axes motorization at the micron level. The most common oxyhydroxides detected were lepidocrocite (γ‐FeO(OH)), goethite (α‐FeO(OH)), hematite ( ‐Fe₂O₃) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄), being goethite the most stable phase. All the iron oxyhydroxides were identified in all of the studied sculptures but their relative amounts were different for each sculpture. The consequences of the marine aerosols exposure in the steel surface were also studied, detecting limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O) and akaganeite (β‐FeO(OH)). The results confirmed that the evolution of the rust layer present on the analyzed weathering steels is different, depending both on the exposure and the particular type of the steel. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

舰载光电设备的三防设计

防湿热、防霉菌、防盐雾的三防设计是舰载光电设备设计的重要任务之一。针对舰载光电设备的三防问题展开研究,对光学镜头、机械结构和电子组件分别进行了相应的三防设计,具体包括材料的应用、结构形式的优化及防护工艺的合理选择等措施,所采取的三防设计和措施在恶劣的海洋环境下进行了多年的实践验证,结果表明:所采取的设计方法和措施能够保证舰载光电设备具有良好的三防性能,可以在恶劣的海洋环境下长期稳定工作。     

爆炸自紧残余应力及对构件疲劳强度的影响

用贴腻子炸药法和动液压法两种爆轰工艺对不同类型厚壁构件实施了爆炸自增强处理,并对爆炸处理形成的残余应力进行了实验测定。对内壁有缺口和裂缝的厚壁圆环以及带缺口的超高压圆筒和四通构件进行了爆炸自紧处理并进行了疲劳实验检验,结果是:在高周疲劳阶段,经爆炸处理的构件缺口根部疲劳裂纹萌生寿命可提高5倍,内压疲劳开裂寿命可提高8~10倍。在低周塑性疲劳阶段构件的疲劳开裂寿命仍可提高1倍左右。由于用贴腻子炸药方法可使构件表面硬度增加从而获得更高的残余压应力,故其自增强效果优于动液压法。