基于成熟度评估的武器装备体系集成性能试验方法研究

单装试验到体系试验需要架设集成试验这座桥梁,论文借鉴技术集成成熟度评估方法提出了集成成熟度试验的思路,并建立了基于集成成熟度试验评估的装备体系集成性能试验方法,实现了体系集成性能的试验与评价,并通过示例对所提出的方法进行了演示验证,证明了方法的可行性。     

大数据分析技术在装备监测系统中应用研究

针对装备状态监测系统中长期积累的大量数据缺乏有效分析手段、利用率低等问题,对装备监测系统中存储的在线监测数据和积累的历史数据,建立可分析挖掘的大数据集;运用数据分析和机理分析的方法建立比较模型,采用异步信息融合的算法对数据进行处理,利用大数据的多尺度特性研究装备生命周期的分析预测、优化运行、预知维修等目标,提高了装备运用知识的获取速度,有利于构建完整的装备生命周期预测诊断体系。     

Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation

This work examines the performance and limitations of a wet chemical oxidation carbon analyser interfaced with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (WCO-CRDS) in a continuous flow (CF) configuration for measuring δ¹³C of dissolved organic carbon (δ¹³C-DOC) in natural water samples. Low-chloride matrix (<5?g Cl/L) DOC solutions were analysed with as little as 2.5?mg C/L in a 9?mL aliquot with a precision of 0.5?‰. In high-chloride matrix (10–100?g Cl/L) DOC solutions, bias towards lighter δ¹³C-DOC was observed because of incomplete oxidation despite using high-concentration oxidant, extended reaction time, or post-wet chemical oxidation gas-phase combustion. However, through a combination of dilution, chloride removal, and increasing the oxidant:sample ratio, high-salinity samples with sufficient DOC (>22.5?µg C/aliquot) may be analysed. The WCO-CRDS approach requires more total carbon (µg C/aliquot) than conventional CF-isotope ratio mass spectrometer, but is nonetheless applicable to a wide range of DOC concentration and water types, including brackish water, produced water, and basinal brines.     

Comparison of water isotope-ratio determinations using two cavity ring-down instruments and classical mass spectrometry in continuous ice-core analysis

We present a detailed comparison between subsequent versions of commercially available wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down water isotope analysers (L2120-i and L2130-i, Picarro Inc.). The analysers are used in parallel in a continuous mode by adaption of a low-volume flash evaporation module. Application of the analysers to ice-core analysis is assessed by comparison between continuous water isotope measurements of a glacial ice-core from Severnaya Zemlya with discrete isotope-ratio mass spectrometry measurements performed on parallel samples from the same ice-core. The great advances between instrument versions, particularly in the measurement of δ²H, allow the continuous technique to achieve the same high level of accuracy and precision obtained using traditional isotope spectrometry techniques in a fraction of the experiment time. However, when applied to continuous ice-core measurements, increased integration times result in a compromise of the achievable depth resolution of the ice-core records.     

A continuous stream flash evaporator for the calibration of an IR cavity ring-down spectrometer for the isotopic analysis of water

A new technique for high-resolution simultaneous isotopic analysis of δ¹⁸O and δD in liquid water is presented. A continuous stream flash evaporator has been designed that is able to vapourise a stream of liquid water in a continuous mode and deliver a stable and finely controlled water vapour sample to a commercially available infrared cavity ring-down spectrometer. Injection of sub-microlitre amounts of the liquid water is achieved by pumping liquid water sample through a fused silica capillary and instantaneously vapourising it with 100% efficiency in a home-made oven at a temperature of 170?°C. The system's simplicity, low power consumption and low dead volume together with the possibility for automated unattended operation provides a solution for the calibration of laser instruments performing isotopic analysis of water vapour. Our work is mainly driven by the possibility to perform high-resolution online water isotopic analysis on continuous-flow analysis (CFA) systems typically used to analyse the chemical composition of ice cores drilled in polar regions. In the following, we describe the system's precision and stability and sensitivity to varying levels of sample size and we assess the observed memory effects. A test run with standard waters of different isotopic compositions is presented, demonstrating the ability to calibrate the spectrometer's measurements on a VSMOW scale with a relatively simple and fast procedure.     

Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines Fenster-Auslösezählrohres im Bereich der beschränkten Proportionalität)

In der Kernstrahlungs-Meßtechnik erweist es sich in vielen Fällen als zweckmäßig und vorteilhaft, den Bereich der besehränkten Proportionalität eines Fenster-Auslösezählrohres auszunutzen. Nimmt man die Charakteristik eines Fenster-Auslösezählrohres für einen reinen α-Strahler auf, so ergeben sich die Kurven α der Abbildung. Verwendet man einen reinen β-Strahler, so ergeben sich die Kurven β.     

Schnelle und einfache Durchführung mehrfacher Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktionen bei radiochemischen Trennungsgängen

Es werden einfach herzustellende Geräte beschrieben, mit deren Hilfe mehrfach wiederholte Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktionen schnell, unter geringem Arbeitsaufwand und mit verminderten Substanzverlusten durchgeführt werden können. Die Arbeitsweise erwies sich als besonders geeignet für mittelschnelle radiochemische Trennungsgänge in der Aktivierungsanalyse, z. B. bei der Bestimmung von Zinn über das 40-min-Isotp ¹²³Sn.     

Measuring δ13C values of atmospheric acetaldehyde via sodium bisulfite adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation

δ¹³C values of gaseous acetaldehyde were measured by gas chromatograph–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC–C–IRMS) via sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) adsorption and cysteamine derivatisation. Gaseous acetaldehyde was collected via NaHSO₃-coated Sep-Pak^® silica gel cartridge, then derivatised with cysteamine, and then the δ¹³C value of the acetaldehyde–cysteamine derivative was measured by GC–C–IRMS. Using two acetaldehydes with different δ¹³C values, derivatisation experiments were carried out to cover concentrations between 0.009×10^?3 and 1.96×10^?3 mg·l^?1) of atmospheric acetaldehyde, and then δ¹³C fractionation was evaluated in the derivatisation of acetaldehyde based on stoichiometric mass balance after measuring the δ¹³C values of acetaldehyde, cysteamine and the acetaldehyde–cysteamine derivative. δ¹³C measurements in the derivertisation process showed good reproducibility (<0.5 ‰) for gaseous acetaldehyde. The differences between predicted and measured δ¹³C values were 0.04–0.31 ‰ for acetaldehyde–cysteamine derivative, indicating that the derivatisation introduces no isotope fractionation for gaseous acetaldehyde, and obtained δ¹³C values of acetaldehyde in ambient air at the two sites were distinct (?34.00 ‰ at an urban site versus?31.00 ‰ at a forest site), implying potential application of the method to study atmospheric acetaldehyde.     

不同型号凝胶色谱特点及其与其它预处理设备比较

比较了凝胶色谱仪与其它常用预处理设备的特点、应用范围,并着重比较了传统凝胶色谱( GPC)与全自动在线GPC-GC-MS联用仪的特点、应用及这两类设备在Aroclor 1260样品加标回收率的情况.结果表明,GPC相对于其它预处理设备更适合净化大分子干扰样品;全自动在线GPC-GC-MS联用仪与传统GPC相比具有净化时间少、溶剂用量小两大优势.