首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   1343篇
  免费   167篇
  国内免费   104篇
化学   228篇
晶体学   14篇
力学   173篇
综合类   51篇
数学   590篇
物理学   558篇
  2024年   5篇
  2023年   10篇
  2022年   38篇
  2021年   31篇
  2020年   15篇
  2019年   26篇
  2018年   16篇
  2017年   39篇
  2016年   45篇
  2015年   30篇
  2014年   60篇
  2013年   94篇
  2012年   64篇
  2011年   82篇
  2010年   78篇
  2009年   81篇
  2008年   99篇
  2007年   80篇
  2006年   78篇
  2005年   72篇
  2004年   41篇
  2003年   67篇
  2002年   50篇
  2001年   43篇
  2000年   55篇
  1999年   46篇
  1998年   37篇
  1997年   23篇
  1996年   27篇
  1995年   29篇
  1994年   23篇
  1993年   21篇
  1992年   20篇
  1991年   17篇
  1990年   13篇
  1989年   13篇
  1988年   16篇
  1987年   7篇
  1986年   4篇
  1985年   2篇
  1984年   4篇
  1983年   3篇
  1982年   1篇
  1981年   2篇
  1980年   1篇
  1979年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
  1976年   2篇
  1974年   1篇
  1973年   1篇
排序方式: 共有1614条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Growth-dominated extreme topography development on ionbombarded wafers of InP is reported and is explained in terms of the micro region model presented in summary form. This model postulates the existence of an ion-bombardment-produced ensemble of crystallites and non-crystalline aggregations of atoms (composed of the substrate material, of dopant and of oxygen from the native oxide layer) where the majority of InP micro regions is so small (nanometer dimensions) that most interstitials created in collision events between bombarding ions and atoms of the micro region can reach an interfacial boundary rather than recombine with a vacancy from the same or another collision event. These atoms are then transported via interfacial boundaries and over the surface to screw dislocations where crystal stubs proceed to grow until the damage rate by ion bombardment overtakes the growth rate. Ion-bombardment-induced compressive stresses favour diffusion towards the surface. Temperature transients within micro regions assist both interfacial diffusion and damage repair. The topography is a result of competition between growth and sputtering. Different growth rates cause different topographies. The development of an extreme topography can be suppressed by oxygen flooding of the sputtered surface, by simultaneous electron beam scanning, as well as by Cs+ ion bombardment.  相似文献   
92.
运用SPME-GC/MS法对同一个体腋窝部、手部和足部的人体气味样品进行了采样分析,通过比较3个部位人体气味样品色谱图中共有成分相对峰面积比和非共有成分,结合使用相似度法对3个部位的人体气味进行了比较分析,三者具有较高的相似度,但仍存在一些细微的差别。  相似文献   
93.
研究了电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳剂透明温度范围的影响,表面活性剂采用特殊苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚和十二烷基苯磺酸钙(DBSCa)(质量比为3:7)复合物,质量分数75%毒死蜱二甲苯溶液为油相。研究结果表明,电解质的加入对表面活性剂作用的微乳剂透明温度范围均有显著影响,使上限温度明显下降;随阳离子电解质质量分数增加,上限温度下降;随阴离子电解质价数增加,上限温度先略增加后下降。电解质及其价数对下限温度影响均不大。弱酸性介质有利于扩大体系的透明温度范围,使上限温度达到最大值;而强酸性和强碱性介质,均使体系的上限温度下降。体系下限温度随pH值的增加缓慢升高。  相似文献   
94.
In this research, we use the original Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) for pure fluids and develop a crossover cubic equation of state which incorporates the scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point and it is transformed into the original cubic equation of state far away from the critical point. The modified EOS is transformed to ideal gas EOS in the limit of zero density. A new formulation for the crossover function is introduced in this work. The new crossover function ensures more accurate change from the singular behavior of fluids inside the regular classical behavior outside the critical region. The crossover PR (CPR) EOS is applied to describe thermodynamic properties of pure fluids (normal alkanes from methane to n-hexane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and R125). It is shown that over wide ranges of state, the CPR EOS yields the thermodynamic properties of fluids with much more accuracy than the original PR EOS. The CPR EOS is then used for mixtures by introducing mixing rules for the pure component parameters. Higher accuracy is observed in comparison with the classical PR EOS in the mixture critical region.  相似文献   
95.
In spite of its simplicity and a well-defined theoretical basis, the Flory–Guggenheim approach is conventionally regarded as inapplicable to off-lattice system since the insertion probability of the approach does not account for the excluded region, existing in the off-lattice system. In this work, we propose the insertion probability accounting for the excluded region of off-lattice fluids and derive a new version of equation of state (EOS) for hard-sphere chains basing on the Flory–Guggenheim approach. To investigate the behavior of the excluded regions, a Monte Carlo sampling was performed for hard disks and the various excluded regions were found to have different density dependence. On the basis of the simulation result, we formulated the insertion probability for hard-sphere and that of hard-sphere chain which accounts for the effect of chain-connectivity on the monomer insertion. The proposed insertion probability was found to correctly predict the simulation data for monomer and correctly correlate the simulation data for chain fluids. The resulting EOS was found to meet closed-packed limit and predict the simulation data of compressibility factor for monomer and chains with a reasonable degree of accuracy. When compared with other off-lattice based EOS, it shows a comparable or better result. For second virial coefficient of chain molecules, the model was found to reasonably predict the simulation data.  相似文献   
96.
超临界水临界区域判定方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
马栋梁  周涛  冯祥  黄彦平 《化学通报》2019,82(2):151-157
对超临界水在临界区域进行合理的判定和区域划分,对于深入理解超临界水在临界过渡区域的流动和换热相关特征具有重要的作用。本文分析了超临界水从拟液态区向拟汽态区过渡的过程中,其导热系数、动力粘度、定压比热和膨胀系数等相关参数的变化规律特征,并归纳了已有超临界水在临界区域的划分判定模型。分析结果表明,在临界过渡区域,超临界水的流动特征参数和换热特征参数均会发生一系列连续剧烈的变化;只有同时考虑超临界水的膨胀特性和最大比热特性,才能更加合理地对临界区域进行划分。在此分析基础上,本工作完善了超临界水的三区分析判定模型,得到了新的超临界水在临界区域的判定划分数据,并由此拟合得到了新的超临界水分区边界计算关系式。新的计算关系式的误差范围在±0. 3℃之内,满足计算分析的要求。  相似文献   
97.
P204萃取剂皂化过程中的物理化学性质及相区变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
P204萃取剂皂化过程中的物理化学性质及相区变化曾平,王贵清(湘潭大学化学系,湘潭,411105)关键词皂化P204萃取剂,物理化学性质,相区,微乳状液二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(简称P204或HA)是一种良好的工业螫合萃取剂,在湿法冶金中得到广泛应用...  相似文献   
98.
Data on methods for the synthesis of monocyclic and polynuclear NH-unsubstituted tetrazoles are reviewed.Dedicated to Prof. H. Elguero on the occasion of his 65th birthday.St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg 198013, Russia; Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 867–884, July, 2000.  相似文献   
99.
A fluorescence quenching method was developed for determination of microamounts of nucleic acids by using brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) as a new red region fluorescent probe. In aqueous hexylmethylene tetramine solution, BCB showed maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 626 and 670 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence of BCB could be greatly quenched by DNA (or RNA). Under optimal conditions, the calibration graphs are linear over the range of 0.02–0.80 μg/ml for SM DNA and 0.25–1.5 μg/ml for yeast RNA. The corresponding detection limits are 7 ng/ml for SM DNA and 25 ng/ml for yeast RNA, respectively. SM DNA can be determinated in the presence of 40% (w/w) RNA, and the relative standard deviation of six measurements is 2.5% for 500 ng/ml SM DNA. The result of the determination of golden staphylococcus DNA by this method was satisfactory.  相似文献   
100.
Floristic composition, community structure and soil moisture and nutrient contents in abandoned fields of different ages were analyzed to clarify the regenerative aspects of succession as a tool for vegetation restoration. The results indicated that secondary succession in this region can be interpreted as an auto-succession: there are main changes in species-relative abundance and species turnover. Annual or biennial species (e.g. Artemisia scoparia), acted as pioneers and strongly dominated the early stages. Then, they underwent a progressive decline, while forbs (e.g. Artemisia sacrorum) and grasses (e.g. Xanthium sibiricum) had their peak abundance at intermediate stages. Dwarf shrubs (e.g. Lespedeza dahurica) and short rhizome grass (e.g. Bothriochloa ischaemum) appeared at mid-succession stage and gradually increased in abundance during succession, becoming dominant at late stages. The first axis of detrended correspondence canonical analysis arranged the sites according to their fallow time, indicating a successional sere. The second axis, associated with diverging pathways of regeneration, correlated with topographic factors and soil moisture and nutrition. Structural divergence between plots increased as succession went on, attained the highest at the mid-succession stage, decreased at the late stage.

Soil moisture and available phosphorus content decreased steadily with field age after their abandonment, whereas pools of organic matter, total and available nitrogen, potassium and total phosphorus increased with field age. The pace and direction of recovery of native vegetation and natural soil properties in these abandoned fields resembled classic old-field succession, which is a form of secondary succession that often serves as a template for guiding restoration efforts. Interface between the abandoned field soil and plant system was crucial to the above process. Our current study supported the generally accepted hypothesis in the succession literature.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号