Highly Strong Interaction between Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles and N-Doped Carbon toward Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance

Transition metal compounds anchored on N-doped carbon (NC) show intrinsic activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the interaction between the transition metal compounds and NC still needs to be strengthened for electron transfer at the compounds/carbon interface. Herein, Fe/Fe₃C hybrid nanoparticles encapsulated into N-doped carbon (Fe@NC) are used as high-performance ORR catalysts. Benefiting from the strong interaction at Fe/Fe₃C nanoparticles/NC interface, the electrons can transfer from Fe/Fe₃C hybrid nanoparticles to NC, redistributing the electron density of active sites and promoting the ORR process. The as-synthesized Fe@NC exhibits outstanding ORR catalytic activity with an onset potential of 1.01 V and a half-wave potential of 0.92 V in alkaline media. It also shows prominent cycling stability and tolerance to methanol crossover, superior to Pt/C catalyst. The theoretical analysis reveals that the Fe nanoparticles have regulated the electron distributions at the heterojunction interface. The Gibbs free energy diagrams for ORR illustrate that the rate-determining step is the conversion of OH* to OH⁻. In situ Raman spectra give evidence of O-containing intermediates to prove the ORR process.     

DSAZn与槲皮素的配位结合及对槲皮素的高灵敏度检测

槲皮素为天然黄酮类化合物,可用于高血压、高血脂、心血管疾病、癌症等的预防和治疗;槲皮素的定量检测在生物化学、临床医学等领域尤为重要。利用分子荧光物质(DSAZn)的聚集诱导发光现象(AIE),通过配位作用识别靶标分子槲皮素,结合激发态电子转移原理,提出了一种AIE型荧光分子对槲皮素的高灵敏度、高选择性检测方法。实验研究了pH 7.0的PBS缓冲液中DSAZn的荧光随着五种药物分子（槲皮素、淫羊藿素、异鼠李素、芦丁、多巴胺）加入后的变化情况。采用荧光分光光度计,以415 nm为激发波长,扫描435~680 nm的荧光发射光谱。采用紫外分光光度计,扫描DSAZn 250~750 nm的紫外吸收光谱。紫外检测表明中药分子槲皮素可以与AIE荧光探针形成复合物,因此加入槲皮素后AIE探针的荧光被静态猝灭。荧光检测表明五种药物分子对荧光探针的猝灭强弱有明显差异,槲皮素与DSAZn结合常数为1.34×107 L·mol-1,比其他四种药物分子和DSAZn的结合常数高出一个数量级,显示出DSAZn对槲皮素具有较好的选择性。槲皮素的检测限为3.07 nmol·L-1,低于诸多文献已报道的参考值,表明DSAZn对槲皮素的识别具有较高的灵敏度。由荧光滴定光谱和荧光滴定曲线得到槲皮素对DSAZn的滴定方程为：y=0.013 4x-0.294 82,槲皮素浓度在0~5 μmol·L-1范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数r=0.994 3。由此构建出一种AIE型荧光分子对槲皮素的高选择性、高灵敏度检测方法,该方法操作简便、重复性好,为具有相似结构药物的检测提供了新的研究思路。     

Resonance Interaction Energy in κ-Minkowski Spacetime

If gravity is quantized, one of the consequences may be that the spacetime coordinates are quantized and become noncommutative. The κ-Minkowski spacetime is such kind of noncommutative spacetime. In this paper, the resonance interaction energy of a two-atom system coupled with a fluctuating vacuum scalar field in the κ-Minkowski spacetime is studied. It is found that the resonance interaction energy is dependent on the interatomic separation, the transition wavelength of the atoms, and the spacetime non-commutativity. When the interatomic separation is small compared with a characteristic length determined by the spacetime non-commutativity parameter and the transition wavelength, the resonance interaction energy is that in the Minkowski spacetime plus a correction due to the spacetime non-commutativity. When the interatomic separation is comparable to or larger than the characteristic length, the resonance interaction energy cannot be organized in the form of a Minkowski term plus a correction, which indicates that the long-range behavior of the vacuum in the κ-Minkowski spacetime is fundamentally different from that in the Minkowski spacetime.     

Quantum entanglement generation on magnons assisted with microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting qubit

We present protocols to generate quantum entanglement on nonlocal magnons in hybrid systems composed of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres, microwave cavities and a superconducting (SC) qubit. In the schemes, the YIGs are coupled to respective microwave cavities in resonant way, and the SC qubit is placed at the center of the cavities, which interacts with the cavities simultaneously. By exchanging the virtual photon, the cavities can indirectly interact in the far-detuning regime. Detailed protocols are presented to establish entanglement for two, three and arbitrary N magnons with reasonable fidelities.     

Spin waves and phase transition on a magnetically frustrated square lattice with long-range interactions

We investigate the effects of long-range interactions on the spin wave spectra and the competition between magnetic phases on a frustrated square lattice with large spin S. Applying the spin wave theory and assisted with symmetry analysis, we obtain analytical expressions for spin wave spectra of competing Neel and (π, 0) stripe states of systems containing any-order long-range interactions. In the specific case of long-range interactions with power-law decay, we find surprisingly that the staggered long-range interaction suppresses quantum fluctuation and enlarges the ordered moment, especially in the Neel state, and thus extends its phase boundary to the stripe state. Our findings illustrate the rich possibilities of the roles of long-range interactions, and advocate future investigations in other magnetic systems with different structures of interactions.     

井眼轨迹控制力学模型

对石油钻井中井眼轨迹控制问题进行了力学分析，给出了底部钻具组合三维受力和变形的控制方程，建立了钻头与正交各向异性地层相互作用模型，阐明了井眼轨迹预测和控制计算方法。     

三维气泡与自由表面相互作用的直接数值模拟

采用VOF中的PLIC界面重构方法数值模拟了三维气泡在液流中上升并与自由表面相互作用的运动.分别考察了不同初始高度,有无来流及有无再生气泡对气泡上升高度、上升速度、压力及与自由表面相互作用等的影响.结果表明:气泡初始位置越低,顶端上升的高度越大,自由面隆起的范围更广.越靠近自由表面,底部射流横向发展越窄,而向上的压力梯度,气泡上升速度,底部射流上升高度越大,反之则反;但如果底部射流均在接近自由表面以前已横向发展充分,则差别不大.气泡外形、上升高度、破裂时间以及上升速度与来流无关.产生再生气泡后,原生气泡与再生气泡相吸,相互加速对方的上升;自由表面抬升的高度增幅较大,范围拓宽,上升速度也大大增加,且再生气泡越多,自由表面隆起的范围越大.     

3D Dynamic analysis of soil–tool interaction using the finite element method

Previous experimental and finite element studies have shown the influence of both soil initial conditions and blade operating conditions on cutting forces. However, most of these finite element analyses (FEA) are limited to small blade displacements to reduce element distortion which can cause solution convergence problems. In this study a dynamic three-dimensional FEA of soil–tool interaction was carried out based on predefined failure surfaces to investigate the effect of cutting speed and angle on cutting forces over large blade displacements. Sandy soil was considered in this study and modeled using the hypoplastic constitutive model implemented in the commercial FEA package, ABAQUS. Results reveal the validity of the concept of predefined failure surfaces in simulating soil–tool interaction and the significant effect of cutting acceleration on cutting forces.     

Mechanical model of lung parenchyma as a two-phase porous medium

The anatomy and geometry of the lung at the micro- and macroscopic level have been described briefly. A notion of lung parenchyma — a macroscopically continuous medium whose mechanical properties result from those of microstructural components — has been adapted. Simplifying assumptions propounded in the constitutive model have been discussed. Two phases have been distinguished in the medium: the solid phase — a highly deformable, nonlinearly elastic skeleton in the form of a thin-walled tissue structure on the micro-scale — and the fluid phase — perfect gas (air) filterating through the structure. General constitutive relations for both phases and their mechanical interactions have ben formulated. Further, the fundamental set of differential equations of the quasi-static coupled problem has been developed. Large deformations, material nonlinearities, and dependence of permeability on skeleton deformation have been included. Matrix formulation of the problem has been presented from the point of view of the finite element method. An implicit iterative time integration scheme has been proposed. The algorithm has been illustrated with results of simple numerical tests.