大气色散效应对信标应用的影响研究

计算了由于大气色散效应造成的信标光与发射主激光的实际天顶角之间的角间距,其中考虑了天气条件、地理位置、发射天顶角和信标波长等影响因素。结果表明：发射天顶角和信标波长对信标偏离角间距的影响较大,而天气条件和地理位置的影响相对较小。发射天顶角越大,角间距越大。信标波长应尽量靠近发射光波长,同时,应优选波长大于发射光的信标。     

一种典型的高性能计算：地球系统模拟

文章针对一种典型的高性能计算问题：地球系统模拟问题,简要回顾了地球系统模式发展的国际动态和国内现状,指出了中国在这方面存在的问题,分析了地球系统模式的国家需求,提出了中国地球系统模式发展的未来构想,介绍了地球系统模式中与高性能计算密切相关的关键科学问题和技术问题.通过介绍,作者希望有更多其他领域的科技工作者了解地球系统模式,并参与地球系统模式的发展;同时也希望文章能为中国地球系统模式的发展提供一些有益的帮助和参考.     

大气模式与气溶胶模型对辐射传输计算的影响

大气模式与气溶胶模型选择是影响定量遥感应用的辐射传输计算的重要因素。人们一般凭感性认识去进行选择,有一定随意性,对其带来的影响程度关注甚少。以太阳辐射计测量为依据,对大气模式与气溶胶模型选择方法作了研究,并利用经辐射定标过的光谱辐射计地面测量对辐射传输计算精度进行了验证。在昆明进行的试验表明,在0.50～0.68 μm范围内,选择中纬度冬季大气模式和大陆型气溶胶,经辐射传输计算后得到的光谱辐射亮度与光谱辐射计测量结果一致性很好,差别在3.3%以内;变换大气模式对辐射传输计算产生明显影响,差别达10%左右;选择不同的气溶胶模型对辐射传输计算影响也很大,差别达11%左右。基于辐射计测量的大气模式与气溶胶模型选择避免了主观选择的不可靠性,有益于减少辐射传输计算或卫星遥感大气订正的误差。     

不同地区大气光学湍流内外尺度测量

用光学湍流参数自动测量系统对内陆地区和沿海地区光学湍流内外尺度进行了大量的实验观测。分析了湍流尺度的日变化规律,给出了其频数分布。结果表明：两地内尺度的均值为十几mm,外尺度的均值约为2 m;内陆地区内尺度日变化趋势较为复杂,而外尺度的日变化趋势与湍流强度十分相似;沿海地区内外尺度与湍流强度均无明显关系。大气湍流尺度的大小和分布状态是随时间和空间变化的,因此,在估算实际大气湍流对光学系统的影响时,需要实测湍流尺度以便得到准确的结果。     

大气湍流对空间光耦合至单模光纤的影响

根据弱湍理论,考虑湍流强度闪烁、孔径平均效应、湍流波前畸变及耦合系统跟踪误差的影响,导出了空间光到单模光纤的平均耦合效率及耦合功率起伏方差模型。根据Hufnagel-Valley 5/7折射率结构模型,对下行连接及上行连接的平均耦合效率及耦合功率起伏进行了研究。仿真结果表明,对于下行连接,随着地面接收天线孔径的增大,相对功率起伏先是由于孔径平均效应而减小,而后由于湍流波前畸变的影响而逐渐增大;对于上行连接,可忽略湍流波前畸变及孔径平均效应的影响。     

非Kolmogorov大气湍流温度谱标度指数的测量与分析

阐述了非Kolmogorov湍流谱理论以及湍流谱标度指数的测量与计算方法。在近地面多个地点对大气湍流温度起伏进行了多次的实验观测,结果表明：实际大气湍流温度谱标度指数多数不等于-5/3,并且通常在-2到-1之间变化。分析了湍流温度谱标度指数与湍流发展程度的相关性,利用小波分析方法展现了不同湍流强度下湍流温度脉动能量在各尺度之间的分配状态,发现湍流温度谱标度指数的绝对值在一定程度上随湍流强度的增加而增大。     

Biological Risk Assessment of Three Dental Composite Materials following Gas Plasma Exposure

Gas plasma is an approved technology that generates a plethora of reactive oxygen species, which are actively applied for chronic wound healing. Its particular antimicrobial action has spurred interest in other medical fields, such as periodontitis in dentistry. Recent work has indicated the possibility of performing gas plasma-mediated biofilm removal on teeth. Teeth frequently contain restoration materials for filling cavities, e.g., resin-based composites. However, it is unknown if such materials are altered upon gas plasma exposure. To this end, we generated a new in-house workflow for three commonly used resin-based composites following gas plasma treatment and incubated the material with human HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Cytotoxicity was investigated by metabolic activity analysis, flow cytometry, and quantitative high-content fluorescence imaging. The inflammatory consequences were assessed using quantitative analysis of 13 different chemokines and cytokines in the culture supernatants. Hydrogen peroxide served as the control condition. A modest but significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the metabolic activity and viability after plasma treatment for all three composites. This was only partially treatment time-dependent and the composites alone affected the cells to some extent, as evident by differential secretion profiles of VEGF, for example. Gas plasma composite modification markedly elevated the secretion of IL6, IL8, IL18, and CCL2, with the latter showing the highest correlation with treatment time (Pearson’s r > 0.95). Cell culture media incubated with gas plasma-treated composite chips and added to cells thereafter could not replicate the effects, pointing to the potential that surface modifications elicited the findings. In conclusion, our data suggest that gas plasma treatment modifies composite material surfaces to a certain extent, leading to measurable but overall modest biological effects.     

Screening an In-House Isoquinoline Alkaloids Library for New Blockers of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels Using Voltage Sensor Fluorescent Probes: Hits and Biases

Voltage-gated Na⁺ (Na_V) channels are significant therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiac and neurological disorders, thus promoting the search for novel Na_V channel ligands. With the objective of discovering new blockers of Na_V channel ligands, we screened an In-House vegetal alkaloid library using fluorescence cell-based assays. We screened 62 isoquinoline alkaloids (IA) for their ability to decrease the FRET signal of voltage sensor probes (VSP), which were induced by the activation of Na_V channels with batrachotoxin (BTX) in GH3b6 cells. This led to the selection of five IA: liriodenine, oxostephanine, thalmiculine, protopine, and bebeerine, inhibiting the BTX-induced VSP signal with micromolar IC₅₀. These five alkaloids were then assayed using the Na⁺ fluorescent probe ANG-2 and the patch-clamp technique. Only oxostephanine and liriodenine were able to inhibit the BTX-induced ANG-2 signal in HEK293-hNa_V1.3 cells. Indeed, liriodenine and oxostephanine decreased the effects of BTX on Na⁺ currents elicited by the hNa_V1.3 channel, suggesting that conformation change induced by BTX binding could induce a bias in fluorescent assays. However, among the five IA selected in the VSP assay, only bebeerine exhibited strong inhibitory effects against Na⁺ currents elicited by the hNav1.2 and hNav1.6 channels, with IC₅₀ values below 10 µM. So far, bebeerine is the first BBIQ to have been reported to block Na_V channels, with promising therapeutical applications.     

Canady Cold Helios Plasma Reduces Soft Tissue Sarcoma Viability by Inhibiting Proliferation,Disrupting Cell Cycle,and Inducing Apoptosis: A Preliminary Report

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare and highly heterogeneous group of solid tumors, originating from various types of connective tissue. Complete removal of STS by surgery is challenging due to the anatomical location of the tumor, which results in tumor recurrence. Additionally, current polychemotherapeutic regimens are highly toxic with no rational survival benefit. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel technology that has demonstrated immense cancer therapeutic potential. Canady Cold Helios Plasma (CHCP) is a device that sprays CAP along the surgical margins to eradicate residual cancer cells after tumor resection. This preliminary study was conducted in vitro prior to in vivo testing in a humanitarian compassionate use case study and an FDA-approved phase 1 clinical trial (IDE G190165). In this study, the authors evaluate the efficacy of CHCP across multiple STS cell lines. CHCP treatment reduced the viability of four different STS cell lines (i.e., fibrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma) in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting proliferation, disrupting cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis-like cell death.     

Sarcorucinine-D Inhibits Cholinesterases and Calcium Channels: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and In Vitro Mechanistic Investigations

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are considered effective therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. AChE plays an essential role in the nervous system by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In this study, the inhibition of the enzyme AChE by Sarcorucinine-D, a pregnane type steroidal alkaloid, was investigated with experimental enzyme kinetics and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Kinetics studies showed that Sarcorucinine-D inhibits two cholinesterases—AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)—noncompetitively, with K_i values of 103.3 and 4.66 µM, respectively. In silico ligand-protein docking and MD simulation studies conducted on AChE predicted that Sarcorucinine-D interacted via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with the residues of the active-site gorge of AChE. Sarcorucinine-D was able to relax contractility concentration-dependently in the intestinal smooth muscles of jejunum obtained from rabbits. Not only was the spontaneous spasmogenicity inhibited, but it also suppressed K⁺-mediated spasmogenicity, indicating an effect via the inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels. Sarcorucinine-D could be considered a potential lead molecule based on its properties as a noncompetitive AChE inhibitor and a Ca²⁺ channel blocker.