Deposition of Ethylene-Hexafluoropropene Gradient Plasma-Copolymer Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure: Application to Release Coatings on Pressure-Sensitive Tape

Plasma-polymerized hexafluoropropene (PPHFP) film deposited using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor at atmospheric pressure had low enough adhesive strength, 22.2 Nm^–1, for use as a release coating of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes, but the bond strength between PPHFP film and a poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate film was slightly weak: some part of the PPHFP deposits could be peeled from the PET substrate. Since the XPS results indicated that the bond strength between plasma-polymerized ethylene (PPE) film and PET substrate was strong enough, we tried to deposit PPE and plasma-polymerized ethylene - hexafluoropropene gradient plasma-copolymer between the PET substrate and the PPHFP film. This multi-layer film (MLF) had low enough adhesive strength, 36.6 Nm^–1, for use as the release coating; this value was near that of a control sample, Teflon sheet, 21.6 Nm^–1. Moreover, the bond strength between MLF and PET substrate became stronger than that between PPHFP and PET films.     

Hydrogen/argon plasma jet with methane addition

Spatial distributions of plasma parameters are presented for a H₂/Ar plasma jet with addition of methane. The plasma has been generated at atmospheric pressure by a 200 A (20 kW) nontransferred do arc. Optical emission spectroscopy has been used for the measurements assuming the plasma jet to be optically thin and to have an axial symmetry. Local spectral ernissivity values have been evaluated using a routine Abel inversion procedure. Half- width and emissivity of H spectral line have been measured to determine the electron density and temperature of the plasma. The densities of excited C, CH radicals have been evaluated from the absolute emissivities of relevant molecular emission bands measured in limited spectral intervals in the visible spectrum. The emissivity ratios have been used to fund rotational and vibrational temperatures. The results supply information on methane decomposition and the behavior of molecular radicals in close-to-thermal plasma jets.     

表面气氛处理对气敏元件特性的影响

选择适当气体对气敏元件进行处理是气敏元件表面修饰的重要方法，本文利用ＳＯ２对Ｈ２Ｓ气敏元件进行了不同条件的处理，使得气敏元件的灵敏度和选择性得到了明显的改善。     

The SML pump of carbon cycles in oceans

1 Introduction Recently the concepts and models of “pump” are used frequently in studying global cycles and varieties of elements in marine chemistry and marine biogeo-chemistry. For example, there are many “pump” con-cepts including the concepts of s…     

Toxicokinetic assessment of methylphenidate (Ritalin) in a 13-week oral toxicity study in dogs

Ritalin or methylphenidate (MPH) is often prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. The therapeutic activity of MPH is principally due to D-threo-[2R,2'R]-MPH. Hence, in order to establish a kinetic relationship between doses and exposure levels in a non-rodent species, a 13-week oral (capsule) toxicity study of D-threo-[2R,2'R]-MPH was performed in beagle dogs. A previously reported chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1.09 ng/ml was utilized. The results of this study indicated that MPH appeared to be rapidly absorbed in dogs following oral administration. The peak concentration was reached within 1-2 h. Based on the area under the curve (AUC) values, the plasma exposure of D-MPH was over-proportional to the dose. With the exception of two groups of animals (male/female, 7.5 mg/kg/day on day 1 and male/female, 3.0 mg/kg/day on week 7), the data showed no difference in MPH concentrations between the male and female dogs. Taking the statistical variations into account, concentrations of D-MPH that were observed after 7.5 mg/kg/day doses of D-MPH and 15 mg/kg/day doses of the racemate were similar. Following the racemate doses, the concentrations of L-MPH were consistently higher than those of the D-isomer. No accumulation of MPH was observed after 13 weeks of repeated daily administration.     

Reactions in a Mixture of CH4 and CO2 under the Action of Microwave Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Reactions between CH4 and CO2 under the action of continuous microwave discharge atatmospheric pressure were studied in a special homemade reactor. The main products were CO and H2,while acetylene and ethylene were also found in the products. Experimental results show that conversionsof CH4 and CO2 could be higher than 90% without the presence of any catalyst. Effects of CO2/CH4molar ratio and total flow rate of the feed gas on the reaction were also investigated.     

Ab Initio Study on the Mechanism of the Atmospheric Reaction OH+O3→HO2+O2

The atmospheric reaction (1) OH + O₃→HO₂ + O₂ was investigated theoretically by using MP2, QCISD, QCISD(T), and CCSD(T) methods with various basis sets. At the highest level of theory, namely, QCISD, the reaction is direct, with only one transition state between reactants and products. However, at the MP2 level, the reaction proceeds through a two‐step mechanism and shows two transition states, TS1 and TS2 , separated by an intermediate, Int . The different methodologies employed in this paper consistently predict the barrier height of reaction (1) to be within the range 2.16–5.11 kcal mol^?1, somewhat higher than the experimental value of 2.0 kcal mol^?1.     

Characterization of the Active Species in the Afterglow of a Nitrogen and Helium Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma

The concentrations of the neutral active species in the afterglow of a nitrogen and helium atmospheric-pressure plasma have been determined by optical emission and absorption spectroscopy and by numerical modeling. For operation with 10 Torr N₂ and 750 Torr He, at 15.5 W/cm³ rf power, 30.4 L/min flow rate, and a neutral temperature of 50°C, the plasma produced 4.8×10¹⁵ cm^–3 of ground state nitrogen atoms, N(⁴S), 2.1×10¹³ cm^–3 of N₂(A³_u), 1.2×10¹² cm^–3 of N₂(B³_g), and 3.2×10⁹ cm^–3 of N₂(C³_u). The concentration of nitrogen atoms and metastable state nitrogen molecules, N₂(A), increased gradually with the rf power and the nitrogen partial pressure. Both the model and experiments indicate that ground-state nitrogen atoms are the dominant active species in the afterglow beyond 2.0 ms.     

Multiconformer transition state theory rate constants for the reaction between OH and -dimethoxyfluoropolyethers

In this work, we have calculated rate constants for the tropospheric reaction between the OH radical and -dimethoxyfluoropolyethers. The latter are a specific class of the hydrofluoropolyethers family with the general formula , from which we have selected three case studies: , , and . The calculations were performed by applying a cost-effective protocol developed for bimolecular hydrogen-abstraction reactions and based on multiconformer transition state theory relying on computationally accessible M08-HX/apcseg-2//M08-HX/pcseg-1 calculations. Within the protocol's uncertainties and approximations, the results show that (1) the calculated rate constants have the same order of magnitude and (2) if observed together with previous experimental and theoretical investigations, the chain length (that varies with q and p) is seen to have a small effect on the rate constant, which is consistent with the “no discernible effect” reported in the experimental work.     

Ab initio study of the mechanism of the atmospheric reaction: NO2 + O3 --> NO3 + O2

The atmospheric reaction NO2 + O3 --> NO3 + O2 (1) has been investigated theoretically by using the MP2, G2, G2Q, QCISD, QCISD(T), CCSD(T), CASSCF, and CASPT2 methods with various basis sets. The results show that the reaction pathway can be divided in two different parts at the MP2 level of theory. At this level, the mechanism proceeds along two transition states (TS1 and TS2) separated by an intermediate, designated as A. However, when the single-reference higher correlated QCISD methodology has been employed, the minimum A and the transition state TS2 are not found on the hypersurface of potential energy, which confirms a direct reaction mechanism. Single-reference high correlated and multiconfigurational methods consistently predict the barrier height of reaction (1) to be within the range 2.5-6.1 kcal mol(-1), in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The calculated reaction enthalpy is -24.6 kcal mol(-1) and the reaction rate calculated at the highest CASPT2 level, of k = 6.9 x 10(-18) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Both results can be regarded also as accurate predictions of the methodology employed in this article.