一项从CAA到CAD的工作 ～正交优化法与SPICE相结合

电子电路的计算机辅助设计方法是促进电子技术发展的一种有效工具。本文介绍如何将行之有效的正交优化法与国际盛行的模拟电子电路的分析程序ＳＰＩＣＥ相结合，形成了ＡＣＯＤ软件，将ＣＡＡ扩展为ＣＡＤ。     

Transient free‐surface flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a narrow channel

The interplay between inertia and elasticity is examined for transient free‐surface flow inside a narrow channel. The lubrication theory is extended for the flow of viscoelastic fluids of the Oldroyd‐B type (consisting of a Newtonian solvent and a polymeric solute). While the general formulation accounts for non‐linearities stemming from inertia effects in the momentum conservation equation, and the upper‐convected terms in the constitutive equation, only the front movement contributes to non‐linear coupling for a flow inside a straight channel. In this case, it is possible to implement a spectral representation in the depthwise direction for the velocity and stress. The evolution of the flow field is obtained locally, but the front movement is captured only in the mean sense. The influence of inertia, elasticity and viscosity ratio is examined for pressure‐induced flow. The front appears to progress monotonically with time. However, the velocity and stress exhibit typically a strong overshoot upon inception, accompanied by a plug‐flow behaviour in the channel core. The flow intensity eventually diminishes with time, tending asymptotically to Poiseuille conditions. For highly elastic liquids the front movement becomes oscillatory, experiencing strong deceleration periodically. A multiple‐scale solution is obtained for fluids with no inertia and small elasticity. Comparison with the exact (numerical) solution indicates a wide range of validity for the analytical result. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

等厚双层涂层材料受集中力作用的平面问题理论解

界面应力的正确评价是分析薄膜涂层材料力学特性的难题之一。利用镜像点法和Dirichlet等值性原理，本文推导了等厚双层薄膜涂层材料受表面集中力作用的平面问题理论解。该显式理论解是以固定在各镜像点上的局部坐标系下的Goursat应力函数的形式给出的。对应于高阶镜像点的应力函数，可通过递推的方法，从对应于低阶镜像点的应力函数求得，而且也易于计算机编程。随着镜像点阶数的增大，它与界面的距离也越来越大，因而相对应的应力函数对界面应力的影响越来越小。最后的算例表明，只需考虑前面有限个镜像点，便可获得足够精度的解。该理论解可作为格林函数，以求解复杂问题的理论解，也可用作边界元法的基本解，提高数值计算的精度和效率。     

Dispersion Characteristics of Waveguide Arrays in Optical Spectrum Analyzers

Formulas for calculating the spectral characteristics of waveguide arrays, which are incorporated into waveguide spectrum analyzers based on planar waveguides, channel waveguides, and fiber optical waveguides, are derived taking into account the contribution of both the waveguide dispersion and the material dispersion to the dispersion factor. These formulas are used to study the dependence of the dispersion factor on the waveguide-system parameters for specific models of waveguide arrays. It is shown that consideration of contributions of the waveguide dispersion and material dispersion can affect profoundly the spectral characteristics of waveguide arrays.     

间断磁探针阵列诊断数据的振荡模式分析

托卡马克磁探针阵列通常是围绕等离子体均匀布置的完整环形系统。由于受到布置空间的限制，HL-2A装置的磁探针只能组成带空白区域的间断阵列。在分析了HL-lM极向磁场振荡——Mirnov振荡模式的基础上，探索了HL-2A磁探针阵列诊断应注意的问题。     

A fourth‐order compact finite difference scheme for the steady stream function–vorticity formulation of the Navier–Stokes/Boussinesq equations

A fourth‐order compact finite difference scheme on the nine‐point 2D stencil is formulated for solving the steady‐state Navier–Stokes/Boussinesq equations for two‐dimensional, incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer using the stream function–vorticity formulation. The main feature of the new fourth‐order compact scheme is that it allows point‐successive overrelaxation (SOR) or point‐successive underrelaxation iteration for all Rayleigh numbers Ra of physical interest and all Prandtl numbers Pr attempted. Numerical solutions are obtained for the model problem of natural convection in a square cavity with benchmark solutions and compared with some of the accurate results available in the literature. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectral Domain Analysis of Coaxial Cavities

Coaxial cavities are used in high power gyrotrons as the beam-wave interaction structure. Much research has been devoted to their mode selective properties. A coaxial cavity lacks a sharp boundary at its open end, so it has some physical features that can only be observed using a spectral model, such as frequency-dependent field profiles and mode overlapping effects. These properties are important since cold tests are usually conducted in the frequency domain. This study applies the incident/reflected wave boundary condition to the wave equation of a weakly irregular coaxial waveguide. The resistivity of the wall is considered in the analysis. Calculations reveal that the fixed-position spectrum yields an uncertain resonant frequency and quality factor. Although the maximum-field spectrum can uniquely determine the properties of the coaxial cavity, the resonant frequency obtained using the maximum-field spectral model is inconsistent with that obtained using the temporal model. The field-energy spectrum explains the low Q nature of the coaxial cavity. Moreover, resonant frequencies evaluated using the field-energy spectrum agree precisely with those evaluated using the temporal model.     

非等同双原子与双模腔场拉曼相互作用模型的腔场谱

研究了非等同双原子与双模腔场拉曼相互作用模型的腔场谱,分析了谱结构随原子与腔场相对耦合常数R=g2/g1的变化规律,发现R对真空场、弱场、强场谱结构都有不同程度的影响.当R=1或R=0时,一般呈现简并的谱结构,而当R介于0与1之间时,腔场谱一般呈现复杂的非对称多峰结构.同时还发现,当R固定不变时,低频腔场初始场强对高频真空场谱结构也有较明显的影响. 关键词： 量子光学 腔场谱 拉曼相互作用 双模腔场     

A new VOF‐based numerical scheme for the simulation of fluid flow with free surface. Part II: application to the cavity filling and sloshing problems

Finite element analysis of fluid flow with moving free surface has been performed in 2‐D and 3‐D. The new VOF‐based numerical algorithm that has been proposed by the present authors (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, submitted) was applied to several 2‐D and 3‐D free surface flow problems. The proposed free surface tracking scheme is based on two numerical tools; the orientation vector to represent the free surface orientation in each cell and the baby‐cell to determine the fluid volume flux at each cell boundary. The proposed numerical algorithm has been applied to 2‐D and 3‐D cavity filling and sloshing problems in order to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the scheme. The proposed numerical algorithm resolved successfully the free surfaces interacting with each other. The simulated results demonstrated applicability of the proposed numerical algorithm to the practical problems of large free surface motion. It has been also demonstrated that the proposed free surface tracking scheme can be easily implemented in any irregular non‐uniform grid systems and can be extended to 3‐D free surface flow problems without additional efforts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Security Applications of Optical Face Recognition System: Access Control in E-Learning

The educational system has gradually shifted from a face-to-face to an e-learning system, which has become prevalent in advanced countries with the advance of information technology, and connection of global networks. Accordingly, a growing demand is emerging for more reliable individual certification with technical precision in order to measure and record learning achievements and credentials of participants. The present system has a limit in terms of registration capacity, therefore, its accuracy has often been questioned. Against this background, an individual certification system is proposed particularly for access control in e-learning. Under our proposed system, a compact optical correlator for facial recognition is employed. This correlator was previously tested for of biometrics authentication accuracy and proved highly reliable, having recorded remarkably low error rates (below 1%). The recorded error rate is sufficiently robust that the system itself can be regarded as a valid and practical viable attestation system.