Comparative study of catalytic activity of Pd loaded hydroxyapatite and fluoroapatite in butan-2-ol conversion and methane oxidation

Palladium loaded calcium-hydroxyapatite, Pd(z)/CaHAp, and calcium-fluoroapatite, Pd(z)/CaFAp, were synthesised and characterised by TEM, XRD, IR and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopies. Introduction of palladium does not change the structure of CaHAp and CaFAp. The average size of PdO particles was found to be around 4–5 nm on Pd(1)/CaHAp but larger (6–7 nm) on Pd(1)/CaFap. The acid–base properties of the supports and of the catalysts were studied using butan-2-ol conversion. On CaHAp and CaFAp, the butenes yield (dehydration reaction) is very low either in the absence or in the presence of oxygen. The methyl ethyl ketone yield (dehydrogenation reaction) is significant only in the presence of oxygen and higher over CaFAp. Conversely, the performances of Pd(z)/CaHAp are better than those of Pd(z)/CaFAp below 180 °C. Above 180 °C, buta-2-ol combustion is favoured on Pd/CaHAp but not on Pd/CaFAp.

In methane oxidation, Pd(z)/CaHAp showed also a much larger activity than Pd(z)/CaFAp. On 2 wt% Pd loaded CaHAp, the methane oxidation reaches a conversion of almost 100% at 350 °C, which is comparable with the performance of conventional Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The reducibility of PdO under methane–oxygen mixtures is lower on Pd(z)/CaHAp. For both reactions, the lower activity of Pd(z)/CaFAp is related to its higher acidity, resulting from the substitution of OH⁻ by F⁻, and to the larger PdO particle size.     

CO2部分氧化乙烷制乙烯Pd—Cu／MoO3—SiO2催化剂的研究

用化学吸附－红外光谱、化学吸附－程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和微型反应技术研究了Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＭｏＳＯ）催化剂对ＣＯ２和乙烷的吸附活化和部分氧化反应性能．结果表明，乙烷以Ｃ—Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附于ＭｏＳＯ载体表面ＭｏＯ键的端基氧上；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂对ＣＯ２有良好的化学吸附活化性能，ＣＯ２的吸附除有线式吸附态和剪式吸附态外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂的晶格氧参与了化学反应．探讨了在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂上ＣＯ２的部分氧化乙烷反应机理     

铜膜差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定药物中铋的含量

研究了铜膜电极代替汞膜电极测定重金属铋的差分脉冲溶出伏安法。实验了同位镀膜法测定铋的条件。在最佳实验条件下,Bi3+浓度在5×10-8~2×10-5mol/L范围内,其溶出峰峰高与浓度呈线性关系,检出限达到1×10-8mol/L。测定了一些药物中铋的含量,结果准确。     

Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol Using Molecular Oxygen on MoOx／（LaCoO3＋Co3O4） Catalysts

Comparatively high CH3OH selectivity (60.0%) and yield (6.7%) were obtained on MoOx/(LaCoO3 Co3O4) catalysts in selective oxidation of methane to methanol using molecular oxygen as oxidant. The interaction between MoOx and La-Co-oxide modified the molecular structure of molybdenum oxide and the ratio of O^-/O^2- on the catalyst surface, which controlled the catalytic performance of MoOx/(LaCoO3 Co3O4) catalysts.     

La2O3/MgO催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了甲烷在La_2O_3/MgO催化剂上的氧化偶联。发现制备过等对催化剂的行为有显著影响。比较了催化剂的反应性能和体相结构,表明在MgO上存在着三种La_2O_3的状态:高分散La_2O_3是最活泼的;La(OH)_3不太活泼;而呈六方晶相的La_2O_3晶粒活性最低。在催化剂中加入Na_2CO_3和K_2CO_3可以改进催化剂的活性和选择性。还考察了反应条件如温度和空速的影响。     

Electrochromic properties of WO<Subscript>3</Subscript> and WO<Subscript>3</Subscript>:P thin films

WO₃ and WO₃:P (5 mol% H₃PO₄) thin films were prepared using the sol-gel route and the electrochromic properties of the films were investigated using in situ spectroelectrochemical methods. The measurements were performed in propylene carbonate solution with 0.1 M LiClO₄ as electrolyte. During the cathodic polarization at –0.8 V a blue coloration is observed with a reversible variation between 14% and 84% of the transmittance at λ=633 nm. The kinetics for the bleaching process is faster for the WO₃:P film than for the undoped WO₃ film. Electronic Publication     

膦化聚2,6—二甲基1,4—苯醚负载钯催化剂的表征及其催化性能

报道了四种不同P/Pd摩尔比的膦化聚2,6-二甲基1,4-苯醚负载把催化剂的加氢和异构化性能;通过XPS、电镜和远红外对催化剂进行了表征;并考察了溶剂和温度对催化剂活性的影响.     

苯并三氮唑及其羧酸酯衍生物对铜缓蚀机理的分子动力学模拟研究

用分子动力学(MD)方法, 模拟计算了5种铜缓蚀剂[苯并三氮唑(BTA)、苯并三氮唑-5-羧酸甲酯(MBTC)、苯并三氮唑-5-羧酸丁酯(BBTC)、苯并三氮唑-5-羧酸己酯(HBTC)、苯并三氮唑-5-羧酸辛酯(OBTC)]与Cu₂O晶体的相互作用. 结果发现, 中性条件下缓蚀剂分子与Cu₂O晶体的结合能均大于酸性条件下的数值, 但两种条件下结合能的大小排序均为OBTC＞HBTC＞BBTC＞MBTC＞BTA. 对体系各种相互作用以及对关联函数g(r)的分析表明, 体系结合能主要由库仑作用提供, Cu₂O晶体中的Cu原子与缓蚀剂分子中的N原子之间形成了配位键. 在与Cu₂O(001)晶面结合过程中, BTA及其衍生物分子发生了扭曲变形, 但形变能远小于体系的非键相互作用能.     

XY-ZH compounds as potential 1,3-dipoles. Part 63: Silver catalysed azomethine ylide cycloaddition—the synthesis of spiro homoserine lactone analogues

A range of room temperature 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of imines of 2-amino-γ-lactone and thiolactone, catalysed by a combination of AgOAc or Ag₂O with NEt₃ or DBU, are described. The spiro lactones/thiolactones are formed regio- and stereoselectively as single cycloadducts in good yield via the syn dipoles and an endo-transition states.     

Organic phase conversion of bulk (wurtzite) ZnO to nanophase (wurtzite and zinc blende) ZnO

We describe the all-organic phase conversion of bulk commercial ZnO in the wurtzite modification to sub-30 nm ZnO that we find to be partially in the zinc blende [, a=4.568(3) Å] modification. The conversion involves refluxing ZnO in 2,4-pentanedione (acetylacetone) at 413 K to form the zinc 2,4-pentanedionate, which is decomposed by heating at 573 K in an appropriate high-temperature solvent such as dibenzylether to form nanophase ZnO. This nanophase, partially zinc blende ZnO can also be obtained in a single step by heating commercial zinc 2,4-pentanedionate in refluxing dibenzylether. Thermodiffractometry suggests that the conversion of zinc blende ZnO to wurtzite ZnO commences near 650 K.