90年代天体物理对物理学的挑战（续）

９０年代天体物理对物理学的挑战（续）杨祥（高等教育出版社物理室，北京１００００９）２．３高能天体物理观测项目１）康普顿（γ射线）空间天文台（ＣＧＲＯ）ＣＧＲＯ由美国戈达德（Ｇｏｄｄａｒｄ）空间飞行中心高能天体物理实验室负责研制，于１９７９年开始设计，...     

A Projected Gradient Method for Vector Optimization Problems

Vector optimization problems are a significant extension of multiobjective optimization, which has a large number of real life applications. In vector optimization the preference order is related to an arbitrary closed and convex cone, rather than the nonnegative orthant. We consider extensions of the projected gradient gradient method to vector optimization, which work directly with vector-valued functions, without using scalar-valued objectives. We provide a direction which adequately substitutes for the projected gradient, and establish results which mirror those available for the scalar-valued case, namely stationarity of the cluster points (if any) without convexity assumptions, and convergence of the full sequence generated by the algorithm to a weakly efficient optimum in the convex case, under mild assumptions. We also prove that our results still hold when the search direction is only approximately computed.     

Breather trapping and breather transmission in a DNA model with an interface

We study the dynamics of moving discrete breathers in an interfaced piecewise DNA molecule. This is a DNA chain in which all the base pairs are identical and there exists an interface such that the base pairs dipole moments at each side are oriented in opposite directions. The Hamiltonian of the Peyrard-Bishop model is augmented with a term that includes the dipole-dipole coupling between base pairs. Numerical simulations show the existence of two dynamical regimes. If the translational kinetic energy of a moving breather launched towards the interface is below a critical value, it is trapped in a region around the interface collecting vibrational energy. For an energy larger than the critical value, the breather is transmitted and continues travelling along the double strand with lower velocity. Reflection phenomena never occur. The same study has been carried out when a single dipole is oriented in opposite direction to the other ones. When moving breathers collide with the single inverted dipole, the same effects appear. These results emphasize the importance of this simple type of local inhomogeneity as it creates a mechanism for the trapping of energy. Finally, the simulations show that, under favorable conditions, several launched moving breathers can be trapped successively at the interface region producing an accumulation of vibrational energy. Moreover, an additional colliding moving breather can produce a saturation of energy and a moving breather with all the accumulated energy is transmitted to the chain.     

宽量程测色仪器的光电转换特性

从颜色测量原理出发,讨论了光电积分式测色仪器的光电转换特性以及采取的各种处理:(1)滤色片一探测器的匹配;(2)测量量程的实现;(3)放大及修正电路的设计;(4)内部接收器的灵敏度校准。最后,对系统精度进行了分析。     

A ring-cavity for a quadrupled Nd-Yag lasera

Summary A new high-powered ultraviolet laser system is proposed. The system doubles the infrared light from a Nd-Yag laser mode-locked at 100 MHz, injects this light into a storage-ring cavity to accumulate a high power in the visible and then doubles this into the ultraviolet at 2600 ?. The power levels anticipated at this wavelength are much larger than those of commercially available c.w. lasers. The new system can have a far-reaching impact in basic research and, even more so, in a great many industrial applications.     

二维非线性光子晶体中的高阶准相位匹配谐频

在二维正方晶格的周期性极化铌酸锂晶体中，通过调节基频光波长实现了皮秒光束的高阶共线及非共线准相位匹配谐频过程，在垂直于入射光束的方向上观察到了多对红、绿、蓝三种颜色的谐频光斑.同时，通过改变晶体的入射角度也实现了基频光的高阶谐频过程.实验与理 论符合得很好，这一结果对光电子集成及紧凑器件的研究发展有重要的指导意义. 关键词： 高阶准相位匹配 二维非线性光子晶体 频率转换     

An Equivalent Theorem on Connectedness of the Weakly Cone-Efficient Sets

利用连通集上有关上半连续点集映射的连通性质，本文证明了拓扑向量空间中向量最优化问题的弱锥－有效解集与相应目标空间中的弱锥－有效点集连通性之间的一个等价定理．     

在伽利略坐标变换下的二端面弹性转轴相似动力学方程

在非相对论性原理下建立了二端面弹性转轴的相似动力学方程.使弹性转轴的动力学方程与地面坐标下的动力学方程相似,为相似工程学和计量、测控仪器的相似标定提供理论依据及方法 关键词： 二端面弹性转轴 相似模拟 坐标变换 相似动力学方程 标定     

构造相应于有限维非退化可解李代数的顶点代数

设g是带有非退化不变对称双线性型的有限维可解李代数，该文首先应用g的仿射李代数g的表示理论，构造出一类水平为l的限制g-模Vg（l，0）．然后应用顶点算子的局部理论在hom（Vg（l，0），Vg（l，0）（（x）））中找到一类顶点代数Lvg（l，0）．建立了LVg（l，0）到Vg（l，0）的映射，最后证明了这类映射是顶点代数同构．     

Reactor design and energy concepts for a plasma process of acetylene black production

Acetylene black can be produced from methane decomposition in a plasma reactor. Different types of plasma reactor are designed for this purpose and a parametric analysis of the system is made. Carbon yield in the reactor seems to be dependent on methane flow rate and plasma power. The results obtained from various types of material analysis of the product obtained show that in some conditions carbon produced under plasma has qualities similar to acetylene black obtained by classical processes.