全息模拟再现像的三维重构

提出一种全息模拟再现像的三维重构方法,可以模拟再现得到三维再现像.计算机模拟再现许多幅在不同深度位置的二维光强分布;利用灰度级变化的聚焦度评价方法,通过寻找最大聚焦度值,确定再现三维像各像点的深度信息.实验证明,该方法能实现模拟再现像的三维重构,使数字全息术有希望成为一种全新的三维面形检测技术.再现像三维重构的实现可以更客观地对全息图进行像质评价,并验证计算机制全息术算法的正确性.     

Ultrathin Alternating Copolymer Nanotubes with Readily Tunable Surface Functionalities

Well‐defined ultrathin nanotubes (30 nm in diameter and of micrometer‐scale length) were generated through the self‐assembly of a novel alternative copolymer synthesized using an epoxy–thiol click‐chemistry reaction. The self‐assembly mechanism was investigated both by experiments and using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The obtained nanotubes can be readily functionalized with carboxy groups, amino groups, peptides, or other groups by simple modular click copolymerization.     

Thermodynamically Favourable States in the Reaction of Nitrogenase without Dissociation of any Sulfide Ligand

We have used combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations to study the reaction mechanism of nitrogenase, assuming that none of the sulfide ligands dissociates. To avoid the problem that there is no consensus regarding the structure and protonation of the E₄ state, we start from a state where N₂ is bound to the cluster and is protonated to N₂H₂, after dissociation of H₂. We show that the reaction follows an alternating mechanism with HNNH (possibly protonated to HNNH₂) and H₂NNH₂ as intermediates and the two NH₃ products dissociate at the E₇ and E₈ levels. For all intermediates, coordination to Fe6 is preferred, but for the E₄ and E₈ intermediates, binding to Fe2 is competitive. For the E₄, E₅ and E₇ intermediates we find that the substrate may abstract a proton from the hydroxy group of the homocitrate ligand of the FeMo cluster, thereby forming HNNH₂, H₂NNH₂ and NH₃ intermediates. This may explain why homocitrate is a mandatory component of nitrogenase. All steps in the suggested reaction mechanism are thermodynamically favourable compared to protonation of the nearby His-195 group and in all cases, protonation of the NE2 atom of the latter group is preferred.     

GaN发光二极管表观电容极值分析

利用正向交流(ac)小信号方法对GaN发光二极管的电容-电压特性进行测量,可以观察到GaN发光二极管中的负电容现象。正向偏压越大,测试频率越低,负电容现象越明显。测量到的负电容现象是表象,不存在负电容;提出GaN发光二极管p-n结的结电容在特定的正向电压范围内等效于可变电容。分析可变电容对正向交流小信号响应得到:特定参数的可变电容使结电容电流相位落后于交流小信号电压相位π/2,使得在测量中表现为负电容。发现表观电容-正向电压曲线的极值点与理论模型相吻合,证明了该理论模型的正确性。     

Software lens compensation applied to athermalization of infrared imaging systems

A different approach, aiming to achieve the constant blur status of point-spread function (PSF) at a certain defocused plane, is described. The correlation between the two PSF is used to control the PSF blur similarity, and simultaneously the Strehl ratio is also used to control the PSF blur minimization. By designing the PSF so that it is significantly insensitive to defocus or related defocus quantity, for example, due to temperature change, all the constantly blurred images can be accurately de-blurred by a simple inverse restoration filter for an adequate range of defocus. We refer to that as “software lens compensation” and apply a design method to solve the athermalization of middle wavelength infrared (MWIR) imaging systems. The resultant PSF is almost invariant in the temperature range from −10 to 50°C at the same focal plane. Consequently, the constant blur spot can be removed by a simple digital signal processing. Thus, clear and sharp de-blurred images at different temperatures are obtained.     

Novel dialkyl vinyl ether phosphonate monomers: Their synthesis and alternated radical copolymerizations with electron‐accepting monomers

Three new vinyl ether monomers containing phosphonate moieties were synthesized from transetherification reaction. We showed that the yield was dependent on the spacer length between the vinyl oxy group and the phosphonate moieties: when the spacer is a single methylene side reaction may occur, leading to the formation of acetal compounds. Free‐radical copolymerizations of phosphonate‐containing vinyl ether monomers with maleic anhydride were carried out, leading to alternated copolymers of rather low molecular weights (from 1000 to 7000 g/mol). Both gel permeation chromatography and ³¹P NMR analyses enhanced possible intramolecular transfer reactions occurring from the phosphonate moieties. Kinetic investigation showed that the electron‐withdrawing character of the phosphonate moieties tends to decrease the rate of copolymerization. Nevertheless, almost complete monomers conversion was reached after 30 min of reaction with dimethyl vinyloxyethylphosphonate (VEC₂PMe). Then, radical copolymerization of VEC₂PMe with a series of electron‐accepting monomers, that is, dibutyl maleate, dibutylitaconate, itaconic anhydride, butyl maleimide, and methyl maleimide, led to a series of alternated copolymers. From kinetic investigation, we showed that the higher the electron‐accepting effect, the faster the vinyl ether consumption and the higher the molecular weights. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Novel degradable polymer networks containing acetal components

A novel copolymer network with acetal structure was prepared using bis[4-(vinyloxy)butyl](4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)biscarbamate(BECT)as the crosslinking agent.Firstly,a tri-copolymer of maleic anhydride(MAn),n-butyl vinyl ether(BVE)and 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether(HBVE)was synthesized via free-radical polymerization with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator.The tri-copolymer consisted of two sorts of alternating units,MAn-alt-BVE and MAn-alt-HBVE.The linear copolymer Poly((MAn-alt-BVE)-co-(MAn-alt-HBVE)...     

Energy spectrum of multi-radiation of X-rays in a low energy Mather-type plasma focus device

The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 （J/Sr） and 0.04 ±0.01 （J/Sr）, respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray （〉 15 keV） was around 0.12± 0.02 （J/Sr）.     

A Communication Multiplexer Problem: Two Alternating Queues with Dependent Randomly-Timed Gated Regime

Two random traffic streams are competing for the service time of a single server (multiplexer). The streams form two queues, primary (queue 1) and secondary (queue 0). The primary queue is served exhaustively, after which the server switches over to queue 0. The duration of time the server resides in the secondary queue is determined by the dynamic evolution in queue 1. If there is an arrival to queue 1 while the server is still working in queue 0, the latter is immediately gated, and the server completes service there only to the gated jobs, upon which it switches back to the primary queue. We formulate this system as a two-queue polling model with a single alternating server and with randomly-timed gated (RTG) service discipline in queue 0, where the timer there depends on the arrival stream to the primary queue. We derive Laplace–Stieltjes transforms and generating functions for various key variables and calculate numerous performance measures such as mean queue sizes at polling instants and at an arbitrary moment, mean busy period duration and mean cycle time length, expected number of messages transmitted during a busy period and mean waiting times. Finally, we present graphs of numerical results comparing the mean waiting times in the two queues as functions of the relative loads, showing the effect of the RTG regime.     

Finite SAGBI bases for polynomial invariants of conjugates of alternating groups

It is well-known, that the ring of polynomial invariants of the alternating group has no finite SAGBI basis with respect to the lexicographical order for any number of variables . This note proves the existence of a nonsingular matrix such that the ring of polynomial invariants , where denotes the conjugate of with respect to , has a finite SAGBI basis for any .