Dimension-Splitting for Simplifying Diffusion in Lattice-Gas Models

We introduce a simplified technique for incorporating diffusive phenomena into lattice-gas molecular dynamics models. In this method, spatial interactions take place one dimension at a time, with a separate fractional timestep devoted to each dimension, and with all dimensions treated identically. We show that the model resulting from this technique is equivalent to the macroscopic diffusion equation in the appropriate limit. This technique saves computational resources and reduces the complexity of model design, programming, debugging, simulation and analysis. For example, a reaction-diffusion simulation can be designed and tested as a one-dimensional system, and then directly extended to two or more dimensions. We illustrate the use of this approach in constructing a microscopically reversible model of diffusion-limited aggregation as well as in a model of growth of biological films.     

石油基电流变液中链结构的显微观察

利用显微观察技术连续记录了直流与交流电场下石油基电流变液中的显微结构变化,比较了两种电场下成链、链生长、断链的差异,这种差异包括颗粒的运动、链的形状以及断链时有无崩裂现象.并且分析了造成这种差异的原因,认为交流场下出现的链崩裂现象是由约翰逊-拉贝克效应造成的.通过石油基电流变液在直流、20Hz、50Hz三种电场条件下显微链结构的对比,得出结论横跨两极的链总的横截面积是影响剪应力大小的一个重要因素.     

油水运移聚集数值模拟和分析

油资源的运移聚集数值模拟是描述在盆地发育中油水运移聚集演化的历史,它对于油田的勘探和合理开发有着重要的价值.本文提出问题的数学模型和修正交替方向隐式迭式格式.对于着名的二次运移聚集的水动力学实验(剖面和平面问题),进行了数值模拟,模拟结果和实验结果是完全吻合的.     

Radical alternating copolymerization of vinyl ethers

New alternating equimolar copolymers of electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes, methyl 3-phenyl-2-cyanopropenoate and 2-phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethene, with ethyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, 2-chloroethyl, and phenyl vinyl ethers were prepared by free radical initiation. Chemical compositions of the copolymers are 1 : 1 in broad ranges of monomer ratios. The copolymerization rate of both electrophilic monomers with the vinyl ethers increase in the series 2-chloroethyl > ethyl > phenyl > n-butyl > i-butyl > t-butyl. These variations in the reactivity of the vinyl ethers are discussed in terms of their preferred conformations in donor-acceptor complexes with electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

非线性Af—Bg型自由基交替共聚反应的固化理论

利用高分子反应统计理论,给出了非线性Ａｆ－Ｂｇ型自由基交替共聚反应的溶胶－凝胶分配方程和反应体系的凝凝胶化条件,这些结果是进一步研究与凝胶网络性能相关的网络结构参数的基础。     

Nd（naph）_3－Al（i－Bu）_3催化马来酸酐和环氧丙烷交替共聚合

研究了马来酸酐和环氧丙烷的交替共聚，发现Ｎｄ（ｎａｐｈ）＿３－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）＿３是马来酸酐（ＭＡｎ）和环氧丙烷（ＰＯ）交替共聚的良好催化剂．用红外光谱、核磁共振研究了共聚物的结构．共聚反应动力学研究表明共聚反应与单体和催化剂浓度均呈一级关系．表观活化能为１１３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

Perfectly alternating segmented polyimide-polydimethyl siloxane copolymers via transimidization

New strategies for the synthesis of perfectly alternating segmented polyimide-polydimethyl siloxane copolymers were developed by utilizing a transimidization method. Imide oligomers endcapped with 2-aminopyrimidine were reacted with aminopropyl terminated (dimethyl siloxane) oligomers to afford perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers. The polymerization was conducted in solvents such as chlorobenzene and chlorofrom. High molecular weight, fully imidized perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers were obtained within 2 h at temperatures of 60-110°C. The mechanism of the reaction was further elucidated via model compounds and NMR characterization. The block copolymers exhibited two T_gs due to the microphase separation of the polyimide and polysiloxane phases. The T_g of the polyimide phase was a function of the length of the polyimide block. However, partial phase mixing was also evident from the DSC results on the imide siloxane copolymers prepared with low molecular weight polyimide segments. Thermooxidative stability and tensile properties of the perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers were found to be principally dependent on the amount of poly (dimethyl siloxane) incorporated in the copolymer and did not correlate with the poly (dimethyl siloxane) or polyimide block lengths. The stress-strain behavior of both solvent cast films or molded films is also reported. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and characterization of maleimide polymers with pendant pyrazole groups. IV. Copolymerization of pyrazole-modified maleimides with vinyl ethers

The synthesis of maleimides that have pyrazolic or bipyrazolic pendant groups is described. Their homopolymerization and their copolymerization with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) is reported. The homopolymerizations of such maleimides were performed under various conditions and led to low molecular-weight polymers. However, alternating copolymers were obtained from CEVE as comonomers whatever the monomers feed compositions. A similar behavior was also observed for maleimides that do not exhibit any spacer, whereas for bulky vinyl ethers, random copolymers were produced. A comparison of the thermal behavior between these copolymers (glass transition temperatures, T_g, and decomposition temperatures) and other copolymers having different spacers between the nitrogenated cycles and the chain are related. Thus, an important decrease of T_g, was observed when C₃H₆CO₂CH₂ groups were used as the spacer instead of methylene groups. Moreover, the thermal weakness of these copolymers may come from the substituents of the vinyl ether and is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

马来酸酐与乙酸乙烯酯交替共聚合反应的研究

本文研究了马来酸酐（MAn）在过氧化苯甲酰（BP）引发作用下与醋酸乙烯酯（VAc）的交替共聚反应。红外光谱证明了交替共聚物的结构，分析结果表明共聚物是由反应单体技1：1摩尔比例组成。当c（BPO）＝6．8×10~（－3）moi／L，c（VAc）＝3．4×10~（－3）mol／L，p（MAn）＝32．7g／L，63～65℃反应18小时，转化率可达92％以上。     

Studies on Alternating Pulse Current-ChronopotentiometricStripping Analysis

BasedonthefirstideaspresentedbyBeck',anewmethodcalledalternatingpulsecurrent-chronopotentiometricstrippinganalysis(APC-CPSA)hasbeendeveloped.Inthistechnique,duringthestrippingstepthecurrentimposedontheelectrol,ysi$cellcomprisesofanalternatingpulsecurrent(APC)andtheinherentdirectcurrentofCPSA.TheAPCisoperatedwithahighfrequencyinasquarewavemode.isandiRisdefinedastheanodicandcathodicpulsecurrent,respectively,isandtRisthetimeforwhichthesecurrentsflow.So,whenisandiRalternates,partsofthestri…