硫脲络合–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定低硅铝合金中的银含量

采用硫脲络合–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定低硅铝合金中的银元素含量。实验探讨了酸度及硫脲用量对银测定的影响及铝合金中基体元素与共存元素对银元素分析线的干扰情况。结果表明:选用9%的盐酸和3%的硝酸溶解试样最好,加入5 mL 50 g/L硫脲溶液可消除氯离子对试验结果的影响,基体铝元素和其它共存元素不干扰银的测定。根据低硅铝合金中银元素的含量范围,合成系列标准溶液,建立工作曲线,工作曲线的线性范围为0.05%~0.50%。银元素含量为0.30%的样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.15%(n=8),标准加入回收率为96.8%~98.5%。该方法操作简便、重现性好、测量结果准确可靠。     

Chemical Proteomic Profiling of Protein 4′-Phosphopantetheinylation in Mammalian Cells

Protein 4′-phosphopantetheinylation is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. So far, only five protein substrates of this specific PTM have been discovered in mammalian cells. These proteins are known to perform important functions, including fatty acid biosynthesis and folate metabolism, as well as β-alanine activation. To explore existing and new substrates of 4′-phosphopantetheinylation in mammalian proteomes, we designed and synthesized a series of new pantetheine analogue probes, enabling effective metabolic labelling of 4′-phosphopantetheinylated proteins in HepG2 cells. In combination with a quantitative chemical proteomic platform, we enriched and identified all the currently known 4′-phosphopantetheinylated proteins with high confidence, and unambiguously determined their exact sites of modification. More encouragingly, we discovered, using targeted chemical proteomics, a potential 4′-phosphopantetheinylation site in the protein of mitochondrial dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 2 (DHRS2).     

Correlating Glycoforms of DC-SIGN with Stability Using a Combination of Enzymatic Digestion and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

The immune scavenger protein DC-SIGN interacts with glycosylated proteins and has a putative role in facilitating viral infection. How these recognition events take place with different viruses is not clear and the effects of glycosylation on the folding and stability of DC-SIGN have not been reported. Herein, we report the development and application of a mass-spectrometry-based approach to both uncover and characterise the effects of O-glycans on the stability of DC-SIGN. We first quantify the Core 1 and 2 O-glycan structures on the carbohydrate recognition and extracellular domains of the protein using sequential exoglycosidase sequencing. Using ion mobility mass spectrometry, we show how specific O-glycans, and/or single monosaccharide substitutions, alter both the overall collision cross section and the gas-phase stability of the DC-SIGN isoforms. We find that rather than the mass or length of glycoprotein modifications, the stability of DC-SIGN is better correlated with the number of glycosylation sites.     

Accelerating Electrochemical Reactions in a Voltage-Controlled Interfacial Microreactor

Microdroplet chemistry is attracting increasing attention for accelerated reactions at the solution–air interface. We report herein a voltage-controlled interfacial microreactor that enables acceleration of electrochemical reactions which are not observed in bulk or conventional electrochemical cells. The microreactor is formed at the interface of the Taylor cone in an electrospray emitter with a large orifice, thus allowing continuous contact of the electrode and the reactants at/near the interface. As a proof-of-concept, electrooxidative C−H/N−H coupling and electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol were shown to be accelerated by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the corresponding bulk reactions. The new electrochemical microreactor has unique features that allow i) voltage-controlled acceleration of electrochemical reactions by voltage-dependent formation of the interfacial microreactor; ii) “reversible” electrochemical derivatization; and iii) in situ mechanistic study and capture of key radical intermediates when coupled with mass spectrometry.     

Photoassisted Selective Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas Catalyzed by Rhodium–Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature

Photoassisted steam reforming and dry (CO₂) reforming of methane (SRM and DRM) at room temperature with high syngas selectivity have been achieved in the gas-phase catalysis for the first time. The catalysts used are bimetallic rhodium–vanadium oxide cluster anions of Rh₂VO_1–3⁻. Both the oxidation of methane and reduction of H₂O/CO₂ can take place efficiently in the dark while the pivotal step to govern syngas selectivity is photo-excitation of the reaction intermediates Rh₂VO_2,3CH₂⁻ to specific electronically excited states that can selectively produce CO and H₂. Electronic excitation over Rh₂VO_2,3CH₂⁻ to control the syngas selectivity is further confirmed from the comparison with the thermal excitation of Rh₂VO_2,3CH₂⁻, which leads to diversity of products. The atomic-level mechanism obtained from the well-controlled cluster reactions provides insight into the process of selective syngas production from the photocatalytic SRM and DRM reactions over supported metal oxide catalysts.     

Probe-Free Direct Identification of Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Using Field-Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry

While Type I and Type II photosensitizers are often carefully tailored to achieve their respective advantages in treating different cancers, the identifications of the Type I and II mechanisms as such, the key reaction intermediates, and the consequent oxidation products of the substrates have never been easy. Using our unique home-built field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS) method that selectively samples molecules at the air–water interface, here we show the facile determination of both Type I and II mechanisms of a poster-child photosensitizer, temoporfin, without the addition of any probes. The unstable doublet radical resulting from the hydrogen abstraction by the triplet temoporfin through the Type I mechanism is captured, manifesting the in situ advantage of FIDI-MS. We anticipate that the method developed in this study can be widely utilized in the future designs of novel photosensitizers and the screening of their photosensitization mechanisms.     

Quantification of imatinib and related compounds using capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry with field-amplified sample stacking

A quantification method for imatinib (IM), its major metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib (NDI), and a degradation by-product was developed using CE–MS combined with an online concentration technique. The use of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)–MS/MS further improved the sensitivity of this technology. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) using tertiary butyl methyl ether yielded high recovery and reproducibility for the pretreatment of serum samples. The recovery rate exceeded 83% for all three analytes, and was 90% for IM. To improve quantification results, a conductivity-induced online analyte concentration technique, field-amplified sample stacking (FASS), was used. The S/N ratios were improved at least 10-fold when compared with conventional capillary zone electrophoresis. The detection limits were 0.2 ng/mL for IM, 0.4 ng/mL for NDI, and 4 ng/mL for the degradation by-product. These results are superior to those previously obtained by other reported methods. The new method was validated in terms of its selectivity, intra- and interday repeatability and accuracy, and sample storage stability, following the guidelines issued by the European Medicines Agency. Considering the convenient pretreatment procedure (LLE), superior sensitivity, and fast analysis speed (<15 min), this method can be useful in the determination of imatinib levels in blood.     

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定血液中全氟化合物

研究了快速溶剂萃取-液相色谱/质谱联用技术测定血液中PFAAs的方法。血液样品经过冷冻干燥,利用加速溶剂萃取的方法,最后使用液相色谱-质谱仪分析检测PFAAs成分。方法的回收率为74.6%~128.8%,检出限为1.10~25.1 ng/L。通过对珠江三角洲地区人群血液样本的分析,发现∑9PFAAs的浓度为26.8~557 ng/g,平均值为176±90.1 ng/g。血液中PFAAs的主要成分以PFHxA和PFOS为主,分别占血液中PFAAs浓度的20.97%和66.98%。人群血液中最常见和浓度最高的PFAAs是PFOS,而PFOA浓度相对较低。     

热裂解气相色谱质谱法分析聚合物中红磷

采用单击热裂解(PY)模式和逸出气体分析(EGA)程序升温两种热裂解模式对红磷样品进行定性分析,利用气相色谱分离技术对红磷进行分离,根据红磷的特征质谱31,62,93,124及特征丰度比,质谱法分析不同材料中的红磷含量。单击热裂解模式下,材质和添加剂有可能对红磷造成干扰,改进后的EGA热裂解模式能排除红磷检测中材质和添加剂的干扰,并采用改进后的EGA裂解程序测定自制阳性样品中红磷的含量。结果表明:通过优化裂解温度和气相色谱条件可以有效改善红磷的分析结果,红磷质量浓度在100~500 mg/kg范围内具有良好线性,加标回收率在90.7%~97.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~2.3%,定量限为81.27 mg/kg。     

电动分离统一理论

在真空、气相和液相中实施线性电动分离,创造出了质谱、离子淌度谱、电泳和毛细管电泳等,但它们却未成体系,各自发展,各有理论,互不相关。该文从牛顿力学第二定律出发结合静电学理论,推导出了它们的统一运动方程,并由此推演出并简要讨论了上述各法自己的通用运动子方程和测量模式。这些方程不仅有利于系统化这些现存方法,也可用于推导和发现新型电动分离模式。