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41.
Lämmerhofer M 《Journal of chromatography. A》2005,1068(1):3-30
Enantiomer separations by CE employing nonaqueous conditions are reviewed. The general focus of this article is directed towards solvent effects on chiral recognition and the separation mechanism. After a general discussion of solvent effects on the individual processes involved in CE enantiomer separation, specifics for various selector classes are discussed together with a few applications of enantioselective nonaqueous CE. 相似文献
42.
A. K. Galwey 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,82(2):423-437
Summary A representational model, proposed to account for the physical changes that accompany the melting of alkali halides, was described
in Part 1 [1]. The liquid is portrayed as undergoing continual dynamic structural reorganization of its constituent ions between
individual small domains, zones of various regular, crystal-type arrays. These alternative arrangements are stabilized by
the enthalpy of melting, which, in liquids, relaxes the restriction for solids that only the single, most stable, crystal
structure can be present. The dynamic character of the melt accounts for its fluid character and the loss of long-range order
[1, 2]. This model is extended here to consider the phase diagrams of binary, common ion, alkali halide mixtures comprehensively
reviewed in [3]. Factors determining whether each of these yields a eutectic, or a solid solution, on cooling are discussed
and several trends in the 70-phase diagrams are identified. Eutectic formation, involving maintenance of the liquid state
below the melting points of the pure components, is ascribed to the participation, in an extended dynamic equilibrium, of
additional domains having the regular structures characteristic of double salts. The known crystalline double binary halides
[3], Li/Cs or Rb/F, Cl, Br or I, melt at temperatures well below those of the simpler pure component salts. It is concluded
that the set/liq model for melting, proposed in [1, 2], accounts for some important properties of the phase diagrams presented
in [3]. 相似文献
43.
T. Bücherl M. Eschler A. Gruner N. Palibroda E. Wolff 《Journal of separation science》1994,17(11):765-769
An integral restrictor interface with jet separator for coupling capillary column supercritical fluid extraction – supercritical fluid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS) has been built and used for the analysis of a fatty acid ester, and of polymer additives with a wide range of masses. The mobile phase used was supercritical carbon dioxide; a flame ionization detector (FID) was used in parallel with the mass spectrometer. Different SFC-MS interface operating conditions, e.g. temperature, restrictor position, flow rate, and sample transfer conditions were optimized to obtain good sensitivity and separation for these applications. In addition, the sensitivity of measurements performed with the direct insertion probe and by SFC-MS interface have been compared. 相似文献
44.
R. Kohli 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1994,41(6):1571-1576
A research program has been in progress to obtain reliable thermodynamic data on various binary and ternary alkali metal compounds in the temperature range of 300 to 1500 K. To date, heat capacity measurements have been made on cesium and rubidium chromates, dichromates, zirconates, molybdates, dimolybdates, and halides in the temperature range of 300 to 800K. In addition, measurements are planned or are currently in progress on cesium and rubidium chalcogenides, aluminates, uranates, silicates, and several other lithium, sodium, and potassium compounds. The status of the research program is discussed. 相似文献
45.
46.
A. Kolker L. P. S. Safonova A. N. Kinchin G. A. Krestov 《Journal of solution chemistry》1990,19(10):975-994
Experimentally determined are the enthalpies of solution of 12 electrolytes (LiBr, LiI, NaBr, NaI, NaBPh4, Et4NCl, Et4NBr, Pr4Br, Bu4NBr, Am4NBr, Ph4PCl, Ph4PBr) in ethanol at –50 to 55°C. sHo values obtained on the basis of four different extrapolation equations are analyzed. The effect of temperature changes on the thermodynamic parameters of solvation indindividual ions are calculated using thermodynamic data for the salt crystals (lattice) with the assumption that solvC
p
o
(Ph4P+)=solvC
p
o
(Ph4P-). 相似文献
47.
Takashi Hayashita Akiyo Yamauchi Ai-Jun Tong Jong Chan Lee Bradley D. Smith Norio Teramae 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2004,50(1-2):87-94
The design and function of novel supramolecular fluoroionophore/cyclodextrin (CyD) complex sensors for ion and molecule recognition in water are reviewed. For the crown ether fluoroionophore/-CyD complex, the dimerization of the fluoroionophore inside the -CyD is found to be selectively promoted by alkali metal ion binding, thereby resulting in metal-ion-selective pyrene dimer emission in water. This supramolecular function is successfully utilized in the design of a podand fluoroionophore/-CyD complex for sensing toxic lead ion in water. The boronic acid fluoroionophore/-CyD complex binds sugars and produces increased fluorescence emission in water. The response mechanism appears to be due to the suppression of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from pyrene donor to trigonal phenylboronic acid acceptor. This is a novel emission function provided by the boronic acid fluoroionophore/-CyD complex sensors in water. 相似文献
48.
Summary Methods for the determination of specific migration of polymer additives from polypropylene to aqueous acetic acid and isooctane have been studied. The migrants were extracted from aqueous acetic acid and characterized by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with flame ionization detection (FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). The isooctane simulant was concentrated and injected directly into the SFC. Injection of extracts after incubation, using the solvent venting injection technique in the SFC, enabled additive concentrations as low as 10 ppb in 150 ml simulant to be determined, corresponding to a specific migration level of approximately 1 g additive/dm2 polymer. 相似文献
49.
Jan F. Biernat Maria Bochenska Jerald S. Bradshaw Hiroyuki Koyama Gypzy Lindh John D. Lamb James J. Christensen Reed M. Izatt 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1987,5(6):729-738
Five new macrocyclic ligands each containing two sulfonamide groups have been prepared. Three of these compounds contain one or two chloro substituents and the other two have one or two pyridine subcyclic units. A seventeen-membered ring ligand (4) was found to be an excellent transport agent for all alkali metal cations in a water-methylene chloride-water bulk liquid membrane system when the pH of the source phase was 13 or higher. The chlorine-substituted analog (5) was a poor transport agent for the alkali metal cations possibly because the chlorine atom blocked entry to the macrocycle cavity. An open-chain analog containing two sulfonamide groups was particularly effective in transporting cesium ions. 相似文献
50.
Fe-Mn, Co-Mn and Ni-Mn composite oxide catalysts based on high specific surface area MnO2 precursor were prepared and applied to catalytic combustion of CH4. Results were compared with that of unmodified MnOx and 1wt.% Pd/-Al2O3. Below 450°C, manganese oxide catalysts show higher activity than Pd/-Al2O3, while the modified manganese oxide catalysts exhibit higher activity than the unmodified one below 420°C. All catalysts were characterized by means of N2-BET, XRD, TG-DTA and H2-TPR. Due to the interaction between Fe, Co or Ni oxides and manganese oxide, the activity of the oxygen species of the modified catalysts is improved, which leads to the increase of their CH4 combustion activity. 相似文献